不同坡度与速度走跑运动下肢刚度特征分析  

The Characteristics Analysis of Lower Extremity Stiffness of Walking and Running in Different Slope or Velocity

作　　者：袁川[1] 廖方萍 杨世军 彭彪 陈庆果[1] YUAN Chuan;LIAO Fangping;YANG Shijun;CHEN Qingguo(P.E.Dept.Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan,610101,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学体育学院,四川成都610101

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2018年第2期33-39,共7页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：四川省科技厅科研项目,项目编号:2015ZR0214;四川师范大学校级课题,项目编号:SCZX17077

摘　　要：研究目的:分析不同坡度和速度条件下走跑运动下肢刚度特征,并探讨其与运动损伤的关联性。研究方法:选取8名男性受试者在跑台上分别完成3种速度下的7种坡度走跑运动,每个阶段为期4min。利用VICON红外三维运动分析系统采集受试者动力学、运动学参数。根据弹簧质量模型来计算垂直刚度(Kvert)和腿刚度(Kleg)。并用方差分析对不同坡度和速度间的时空参数、下肢刚度差异性进行比较,对各参数与下肢刚度的相关性进行分析。研究结果:不同速度的走跑运动的步频、步长、Tf、Tc均存在显著性差异,P<0.01;在不同坡度条件下,Tf和Tc存在显著性差异P<0.01,而步频(P=0.96)和步长(P=0.75)并没有显著性差异。不同坡度和速度之间Kvert和Kleg存在显著性差异,P<0.01,并且随着坡度和速度的增加Kvert和Kleg呈现递增现象,速度越大其上升幅度约大。经Pearson相关检验表明,下肢长和体重与Kvert和Kleg相关性极低,R<0.1,而跑速、Tf呈高度正相关(R>0.7),Tc则呈高度负相关(R=-0.89)。结论:垂直刚度和腿刚度随着坡度和速度的增加而增加,并且腾空时间与下肢刚度呈高度正相关,接触时间则相反呈高度负相关。同时在上坡跑中更容易出现应力性骨损伤,而下坡跑中更容易出现软骨组织、韧带和骨骼肌损伤。Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the lower extremities stiffness characteristics of walking and running under different slope and velocity conditions,and to investigate the association between lower extremities stiffness and sports injury.Methods:In this study,eight male subjects were selected to complete walking and running at seven kinds of speed under the seven kinds of slope on the treadmill respectively,and each stage for 4 minutes.The dynamic and kinematic parameters of the subjects were collected by Vicon Sports-captured analysis system.According to the spring mass model to calculate the vertical stiffness(Kvert)and leg stiffness(Kleg).Results:The different velocity of walking and running have significant difference in step frequency,step length,contact time and flight time,P<0.01.There was significant difference between contact time and flight time under different slope conditions,P<0.01.While between step frequency(P=0.96)and step length(P=0.75)there was no significant difference.There was significant difference between Kvert and Kleg in different slope and velocity,P<0.01.And with the increase of slope and velocity,Kvert and Kleg showed increasing phenomenon,the greater the velocity,the greater the increase.The Pearson test shows that the correlation between lower limb length and body weight and Kvert and Kleg is extremely low,R<0.1,while the running speed and flight time were highly positive correlation(R>0.7),and contact time was highly negative correlation(R=-0.89).Conclusions:The vertical stiffness and leg stiffness increase with the increase of slope and speed.And the flight time and the lower extremity stiffness was highly positive correlation.In contrast,the contact time was highly negative correlation.At the same time,it is more prone to stress bone injury in the uphill running,and it is more prone to damage of cartilage,ligament and skeletal muscle.

关 键 词：上坡跑 下坡跑 下肢刚度 VICON红外三维运动分析系统 运动损伤 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]