Q热疫苗研究  

Q fever vaccines

作　　者：熊小路[1] 焦俊[1] 温博海[1] XIONG Xiao-lu;JIAO Jun;WEN Bo-hai(State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity,Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所,病原生物生物安全国家重点实验室,北京100071

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2018年第2期171-174,181,共5页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31470894)和国家重点实验室课题(No.SKLPBS1514)联合资助

摘　　要：Q热(Q fever)为一种世界性分布的重要人兽共患病,疫苗接种是预防Q热的最有效手段。专性细胞内寄生的贝氏柯克斯体是Q热的病原体,灭活I相贝氏柯克斯体Q热疫苗(WCV)免疫保护效能几乎为100%,但是其免疫副反应强。氯仿-甲醇提取贝氏柯克斯体(CMR)和三氯醋酸提取贝氏柯克斯体可溶性抗原(TCA)Q热疫苗保留灭活Q热疫苗的免疫保护效能,且免疫副反应显著减轻。但CMR和TCA Q热疫苗均需要用鸡胚大量培养贝氏柯克斯体,需要在高等级生物防护实验室采用复杂步骤提取、纯化贝氏柯克斯体,这些使Q热疫苗的生产成本高、批量生产难。近十年来,国内外Q热疫苗研究着力于分子疫苗,并已经由研究贝氏柯克斯体保护性抗原转移到筛选能诱导特异性细胞免疫应答的CD4+和CD8+T细胞表位上,以期望T细胞表位在机体内高效表达,诱导机体产生良好的抗Q热保护性免疫应答。Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis and vaccination is the best measure to against its prevalence.Coxiella burnetii(Cb)is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for Q fever.Inactivated phase I Cb(Whole cell vaccine,WCV)can provide 100%protection against Q fever,but its side effect of vaccination is strong.Phase I Cb is treated with chloroform-methanol or trichloroacetic acid and the chloroform-methanol residual(CMR)or the trichloroacetic acid extract(TCA)is used to substitute for WCV.Both CMR and TCA vaccine retain the protective efficient of WCV and significantly reduce the side effects.However,both CMR and TCA vaccine are required to isolate and purify Cb from chick embryos where Cb grows in a biosafety laboratory with the complex procedures.In recent 10 years,the scientists have investigated from protective antigens to CD4+and CD8+T cell epitopes of Cb,expecting that the genes encoding the T cell epitopes express highly and induce an efficient protection against Q fever in bodies.

关 键 词：Q热 疫苗 贝氏柯克斯体 保护性抗原 T细胞表位 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]