观赏海棠花期性状与有效积温的关系  

The relationship between flowering characteristics and the effective accumulated temperature in ornamental crabapple

作　　者：储吴樾 张往祥 范俊俊 CHU Wuyue;ZHANG Wangxiang;FAN Junjun(College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [2]扬州小苹果园艺有限公司,江苏扬州225200

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期153-159,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(14)2189;BE2014407]

摘　　要：采用4年物候观测资料及气象数据,基于简化后的基点温度计算方法,对65个观赏海棠品种的基点温度进行了计算,并使用有效积温累加法计算了观赏海棠的始花期有效积温,探索积温和基点温度的特性,旨在为观赏海棠花期预测模型的建立提供参考.结果表明:(1)依据植株有效积温具有稳定的生物学特性,对基点温度的计算方法进行了简化和校正,其校正后的计算结果与原方法计算结果之间的相关系数为0.998(P<0.01),且残差值υ=-0.2~0.6.(2)根据积温数据可将65个品种划分成三大类群,包括低有效积温品种群(25.28~145.46℃)、中有效积温品种群(51.16~225.40℃)和高有效积温品种群(311.66~448.76℃).(3)各品种的有效积温与其生物学阈值呈指数递减关系(y=3 618.5e-0.242x,R2=0.969 6),但高、中有效积温品种群的有效积温与基点温度的离散性较大,且耦合度较低(R2=0.789 3),而低有效积温品种群的离散性较小,且耦合度极高(R2=0.982 2).(4)有效积温与初花期呈显著相关性,但相关系数较低(r2013年=0.764,r2014年=0.723,r2015年=0.728,r2016年=0.671).综上,基点温度<12℃,观赏海棠初花期的稳定性更高,有效积温的预测模型更适用于低有效积温品种群.初花期的早晚可能是有效积温与其他外界因子共同影响的结果.With 4 years of phenological observation data and meteorological data,the biological zero temperatures of 65 varieties of ornamental crabapple were calculated with simplified method to explore the biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of ornamental crabapple varieties,which was important for the prediction of flowering phase. The results showed that:(1) The correlation coefficient of biological zero temperature between simplified method and original method was 0.998(P<0.01),and the residual value was between-0.2 and 0.6.( 2) The total 65 varieties could be divided into 3 groups according to the characteristics of effective accumulated temperature,which were low effective accumulated temperature group( 25.28-145.46 ℃),moderate effective accumulated temperature group( 51.16-225.4 ℃) and high effective accumulated temperature group( 311.66-448.76℃),respectively.( 3) The effective accumulated temperature of the varieties decreases exponentially( y = 3 618.5 e-0.242 x,R2=0.969 6) with their biological thresholds. But high discreteness and low coupling degree existed in high and moderate effective accumulated temperature groups( R2= 0. 789 3),while low discreteness and high coupling degree existed in low effective accumulated temperature groups( R2= 0.982 2).( 4) There existed significant correlation between effective accumulated temperature and initial flowering date,but the correlation coefficients was low( r2013= 0.764; r2014= 0.723; r2015= 0.728; r2016= 0.671). In summary,the initial flowering date was more stable in the varieties whose biological zero temperatures are <12 ℃. The prediction model of flowering phase with effective accumulated temperature was more suitable to low effective accumulated temperature varieties. Effective accumulated temperature may only be one of the factors affecting initial flowering date of ornamental crabapple.

关 键 词：观赏海棠 初花期 有效积温 基点温度 

分 类 号：S686[农业科学—观赏园艺]