不同有机物覆盖对滨海盐渍土改良效应的研究  

Study on the Effects of Organic Matter Mulching on Improvement of Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：杨东[1] 李新举[1] 许燕[2] 李俊颖[1] YANG Dong;LI Xin-ju;XU Yan;LI Jun-ying(College of Resources and Environment/Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;Shandong Jining Land and Resources Bureau,Jining 272017,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省济宁市国土资源局,山东济宁272017

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期272-277,共6页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171425);山东省自主创新及成果转化专项(2014ZZCX07402);山东农业大学盐碱地改良利用项目(2014208)

摘　　要：为研究有机物覆盖对滨海盐渍土的改良效应,筛选适宜的覆盖还田组合,通过玉米田间试验,选用小麦秸秆(A)、长度30 cm玉米秸秆(B_1)、长度50 cm玉米秸秆(B_2)、玉米整杆(B_3)、杂草(T)5种类型,设计0.3kg/m^2(F1)、0.6 kg/m^2(F_2)、0.9 kg/m^2(F_3)、1.2 kg/m^2(F_4)4种梯度覆盖量,以常规耕作为对照,研究不同处理对土壤盐碱状况和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:有机物覆盖0~40 cm土体含盐量降低幅度较大,抑制盐分表聚效果明显;A、B_1、T与B_2、B_3分别在覆盖量为0.9 kg/m^2与1.2 kg/m^2时抑盐效果较好。T对土壤pH的提升效果较明显,A、B_1、B_2、B_3对土壤pH影响与对照差异不显著。有机物覆盖不同程度提高了玉米产量,覆盖类型和覆盖量都是影响玉米产量的显著性因素,玉米产量随覆盖量的增加先升高后降低,覆盖量为0.9 kg/m^2时达到产量较高水平,较优处理增产效果表现为AF_3>TF_3>B_1F_3>B_2F_3>B_3F_3,AF_3处理分别比TF_3、B_1F_3、B_2F_3和B_3F_3处理高23.26%、32.87%、145.92%和175.81%。建议在生产中采用每平方米覆盖0.9 kg小麦秸秆进行处理。In order to study the improvement effects of organic matter mulching on coastal saline soil and to select the suitable mulching and returning combinations,through the field experiment,five types of mulch,the wheat straw(A),30 cm corn stalk(B1),50 cm corn stalk(B2),whole corn stalk(B3),weed straw(T)were selected,4 kind of gradient coverage:0.3 kg/m2(F1),0.6 kg/m2(F2),0.9 kg/m2(F3),1.2 kg/m2(F4)were designed,the effects of different treatments on soil salinity and corn yield were studied by conventional tillage through corn field experiment.The results showed that:the soil salt content with organic matter mulching from 0 to 40 cm decreased greatly,the inhibition effect of salt surface polymerization was obvious;A,B1,T,and B2,B3 have A good effect on salt suppression in the coverage of 0.9 kg/m2 and 1.2 kg/m2 respectively.Weed straw(T)has obvious effect on raising soil pH,A,B1,B2,B3 had no significant differences compared with CK.Different levels of organic matter mulching increase the yield of maize,the mulching type and mulching amount are the significant factors that affect the maize yield.Maize yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of mulching,it reached a higher level when the mulch was 0.9 kg/m2.The yield increasing effect of the better treatment is AF3>TF3>B1F3>B2F3>B3F3,AF3 treatment was 23.26%,32.87%,145.92%,175.81%higher than that of TF3,B1F3,B2F3 and B3F3,respectively.Results of this study suggested that the better mulching amount was 0.9 kg/m2 with the wheat straw in production.

关 键 词：滨海盐渍土 有机物覆盖 土壤含盐量 土壤PH 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]