生物有机肥对盐渍土壤水盐动态及番茄产量的影响  

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil water,salt and crop yield formation in saline soils

作　　者：邵孝候 张宇杰[1,2] 常婷婷 叶欢[1,2] 张展羽 SHAO Xiaohou;ZHANG Yujie;CHANG Tingting;YE Huan;ZHANG Zhanyu

机构地区：[1]南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室(河海大学),江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期153-160,共8页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51509068);中国博士后科学基金(1501043A);河海大学中央高校基本科研业务费(2015B05814)

摘　　要：为探讨生物有机肥对不同类型盐渍土壤(设施次生盐渍土、滨海盐渍土)水盐动态和作物产量的影响,采用盆栽试验方法研究不同施肥(不施肥、化肥、生物有机肥、生物有机肥+化肥(比例为1∶1))处理对盐渍土土壤含水率、电导率、盐分离子组成变化和番茄产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(a)单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理均可以提高土壤含水率;(b)单施生物有机肥处理的土壤电导率最低,其次为生物有机肥+化肥处理;(c)对于设施次生盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了23.63%和15.60%;(d)对于滨海盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了22.34%和10.32%;(e)番茄收获后,设施次生盐渍土各处理的NO_3^-和SO_4^(2-)在土壤盐分中的占比降低,滨海盐渍土各处理的Na^+、K^+和Cl^-占比降低;(f)单施生物有机肥处理最有利于土壤微生物的增加,其次是生物有机肥+化肥处理;设施次生盐渍土中生物有机肥+化肥处理的番茄产量最高,比单施生物有机肥处理增产165.5%;(g)施用生物有机肥可以提高设施次生盐渍土的作物产量和灌溉水利用效率,而单施化肥则可能会造成作物绝产;(h)施用化肥虽然提高滨海盐渍土的作物产量,但施用生物有机肥处理的灌溉水利用效率相对较高。To investigate the influence of bio-organic fertilizer on the water-salt dynamics and crop yield of different saline soils(greenhouse secondary saline soil(NS)and coastal saline soil(S)),the pot experiment was adopted to study the effects of fertilization regimes on the soil moisture content,soil electric conductivity(EC),soil salt composition,crop yield and water use efficiency of irrigation.The following treatments were applied:controlling without fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer(C),bio-organic fertilizer(O),bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(CO,bio-organic fertilizer:chemical fertilizer=1:1).The results showed that:(a)Compared to C,O and CO can improve the soil water content inboth types of saline soils.(b)Soil salt,indicated by the soil electric conductivity,was controlled well by O and CO treatment.(c)Compared with NS-C,the total amount of soil salt ions in NS-O and NS-CO decreased by 23.63%and 15.60%,respectively.(d)Compared with S-C,the total amount of soil salt ions in S-O and S-CO decreased by 22.34%and 10.32%,respectively.(e)After the tomato harvesting,the proportion of NO-3 and SO2-4 in the soil salinity decreased in NS,while the proportion of Na+,K+and Cl-decreased in S.(f)O was the most favorable for soil microbial growth,followed by CO.The yield of tomato treated with CO in the secondary saline soil was the highest,and the yield increased by 165.5%compared with O.(g)The application of bio-organic fertilizer could improve the crop yield and irrigation water use efficiency of S,and the chemical fertilizer will result in the crop failure.(h)The application of chemical fertilizer can improve the crop yield on saline soil,and irrigation water use efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer treatment is higher than other treatments.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 设施次生盐渍土 滨海盐渍土 土壤含水率 土壤盐分 灌溉水利用效率 产量 番茄 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]