鄱阳湖北部湖区沉积物重金属分布及其潜在生态风险评价  

The Distribution of Heavy Metals and Potential Ecological Risk in the Northern Poyang Lake

作　　者：杨期勇[1,2,3] 曾明 谢琪[2] 程鹏飞 邱秀文[1,3] 黄亮[2] 赵军凯[4] YANG Qiyong;ZENG Ming;XIE Qi;CHENG Pengfei;QIU Xiuwen;HUANG Liang;ZHAO Junkai(Poyang Lake Eco-economy Research Center,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,China;College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,China;Jiujiang Key Laboratory of Basin Management and Ecological Protection,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,China;College of Tourism and Territorial Resources,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,China)

机构地区：[1]九江学院鄱阳湖生态经济研究中心,江西九江332005 [2]九江学院化学与环境工程学院,江西九江332005 [3]九江市流域管理与生态保护重点实验室(九江学院),江西九江332005 [4]九江学院旅游与国土资源学院,江西九江332005

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第3期556-564,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21367014);江西省社会科学"十二五"(2015年)规划项目(15YJ14)

摘　　要：鄱阳湖是中国第一大淡水湖,在世界生态格局中具有重要的地位。随着2009年鄱阳湖生态经济区建设上升为国家战略后,环湖地区工业化和城镇化快速发展,鄱阳湖湖区生态环境保护的压力日渐加大。沉积物重金属含量是湖泊环境评价的一个重要指标,分析沉积物重金属含量和空间分布特征,对于了解湖泊污染状况、生态环境演变过程具有重要的意义。根据2015年丰水期和枯水期鄱阳湖北部湖区和入江水道的表层沉积物调查资料,分析了沉积物中Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、As、Hg等重金属在调查水域的分布特征,揭示了重金属分布的影响因素,并采用Hakanson重金属元素潜在生态风险指数评价了沉积物中重金属个体风险危害程度和综合风险危害程度。研究发现:(1)鄱阳湖沉积物中8种重金属,除Ni外,其余7种重金属均值含量都高于背景值,尤其是Cu、Zn和Pb的枯水期均值分别是背景值的8.68、4.67、9.28倍;(2)丰水期鄱阳湖北部湖区沉积物中Cd、Cr、Ni含量整体上高于枯水期,枯水期沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、As含量高于丰水期;(3)从棠荫水文站向北至湖口水文站,沉积物中Pb、As在丰水期和枯水期均呈减少趋势,Cu、Cr在丰水期和枯水期均呈增加趋势,其他重金属则在丰水期和枯水期呈现不同的变化趋势;(4)重金属个体潜在危害程度顺序为:Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr,综合潜在生态风险指数RI均值为528.4,属于极强潜在生态危害。Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China,it plays an important role in the ecological landscape on the world.Along with the construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone became national strategy in 2009,the industrialization and urbanization of this region had developed rapidly,meanwhile,it had put more and more pressures on ecological environment.Sediment heavy metal content is an important index of lake environment evaluation,the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediments have great significance to understanding the pollution level and ecological environment evolution.Based on the northern Poyang Lake sediment survey data of high-water period and low-water period in 2015,the distribution characteristics of heavy metals such as Cd,Zn,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,As,Hg were analyzed,the factors that affect the distribution of heavy metals were revealed,and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution was assessed by using Hakanson ecolodical risk index.The results show that:(1)Besides Ni,the contents of the 8 heavy metals in Poyang Lake sediments are higher than the background values,the mean values of Cu,Zn and Pb in low-water period are 8.68,4.67,9.28 times of the background values.(2)The contents of Cd,Cr and Ni in the sediments of northern Poyang Lake in high-water period are higher than that in low-water period,the contents of Cu,Zn,Pb and As are higher in low-water period than that in high-water period.(3)The distribution of heavy metals in sediment are influenced by river input,lake water level and hydrology,lake shoreline topography.And(4)according to the Hakanson ecological risk index,the order of the analyzed heavy metals,arranged from highest to lowest pollution damage degree,is as follows:Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr,the RI mean of the comprehensive potential ecological risk index is 528.4,which is a great potential ecological risk.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 沉积物 重金属 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826