卧龙自然保护区放牧对大熊猫的影响  

The Impact of Livestock on Giant Pandas in Wolong Nature Reserve

作　　者：王晓 李玉杰[1,2] 李程 张晋东[1,2] WANG Xiao;LI Yujie;LI Cheng;ZHANG Jindong(College of Life Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichan 637009,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of the Ministry of Education, China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichan 637009,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009 [2]西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期11-15,共5页Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571517;31572293);西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室开放基金(XNYB17-2);四川省科技计划项目(0215JY0219);西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(17E073;17E074);西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC358)

摘　　要：在保护区内放牧对野生动物保护产生负面影响。在2016年6—8月,以问卷调查的方式对卧龙自然保护区内的放牧居民进行了随机访问,调查家畜养殖、牧场范围及经济收益等信息,并结合遥感影像数据,利用Arc GIS软件数字化每户家畜放养的区域。并以第四次全国大熊猫种群调查数据为基础,采用核心密度估计法(KDE)估算大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的家域(home range)。然后计算大熊猫与家畜分布区的空间重叠面积,进而评估家畜对大熊猫空间利用的影响。结果表明:(1)近年来,卧龙自然保护区放养的家畜数量呈明显增长的趋势,2015年家畜数量与2003年相比增长了43.37%;(2)保护区内家畜分布区总面积约占卧龙自然保护区总面积的20.52%,家畜分布区与大熊猫栖息地重叠部分的面积约占大熊猫栖息地的12.96%;(3)采用核心密度估计法估算出卧龙大熊猫家域面积为513.70 km2,而家畜分布区与大熊猫家域重叠面积为30.25 km2,占大熊猫家域的5.89%。在卧龙自然保护区,管理部门需加强对家畜放牧的管控,尽量减少或禁止家畜在大熊猫等保护区重要保护物种的适宜分布区活动,同时关注社区发展,发展其他生计(如以自然为基础的生态旅游),提高当地居民的生活水平。Husbandry has a negative effect on the wildlife of protected areas.From June to August of 2016,the residents had been randomly investigated and required to complete questionnaires about relevant basic information associated with livestock,such as the total number of livestock,the annual income from livestock production,the spatial distribution of their livestock,etc.In combination with the remote sensing image data,ArcGIS is adopted to digitize the pasture region of every household.Based on the data from the fourth national census on giant pandas,Kernel Density Estimate(KDE)is used to estimate the home range of giant pandas.Then,the area of the overlap between pastures and giant pandas’habitat distribution is calculated to evaluate the impact of livestock production on giant pandas.The results show that:(1)the total number of livestock in Wolong Nature Reserve has increased in recent years,i.e.,compared with the total number of livestock in 2003,the growth rate in 2015 had increased by 43.37%;(2)the area of all the pastures in Wolong Nature Reserve takes up 20.52%of the total while the area of the overlap between livestock’s spatial distribution and the wild giant pandas’habitat occupies 12.96%of the total area of wild giant pandas’habitat;(3)the home range of giant pandas estimated by KDE is 513.70 km 2 while the area of the overlap between livestock’s spatial distribution and the home range of giant panda is 30.25 km 2,accounting for 5.89%of the home range of giant pandas.Consequently,it is urgent for the administrative department of Wolong Nature Reserve to reinforce the management of domestic grazing animals and keep them out of the key wildlife’s(e.g.,giant panda)core habitat.Meanwhile,it’s vital to pay more attention to the economic development of local communities,for example,to promote other sustainable livelihoods(e.g.,Nature Based Eco-tourism).

关 键 词：放牧 大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 时空分布 卧龙自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]