测土平衡施肥对金丝小枣生长发育、病害发生及土壤理化性状的影响  

Effects of soil balancing fertilization on growth and development,disease and soil physical and chemical properties of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao

作　　者：黄素芳[1] 李俊英[2] 孙文元[1] 赵花其[1] 曹平平 HUANG Sufang;LI Junying;SUN Wenyuan;ZHAO Huaqi;CAO Pingping(Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou 061001,China;Cangzhou Technical College,Cangzhou 061001,China)

机构地区：[1]沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001 [2]沧州职业技术学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2018年第1期75-81,共7页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD14B03)

摘　　要：为了明确测土平衡施肥对金丝小枣生长发育、病害发病率的影响及其对土壤理化性状的改良效果,以沧州市3个金丝小枣主产县市具有代表性的中等肥力水平枣园为研究对象,设测土平衡施肥(BF)、常规施肥(NF)和不施肥(CK)3个处理,研究不同处理对金丝小枣生长发育、枣果经济性状、浆烂病及裂果病发病率、土壤有效养分含量、土壤容重及土壤孔隙度的影响。结果表明:测土平衡施肥处理(BF)二次枝抽生枣股个数平均为7.08个,分别比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)增加2.71个和1.85个;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)枣股抽生枣吊个数分别比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)增加0.67个和0.25个;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)果吊比分别比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)增加54.55%和33.04%。测土平衡施肥处理(BF)的枣果纵径分别比常规施肥处理(NF)和对照(CK)增加13.20%和28.46%;枣果的横径分别比常规施肥处理(NF)和对照(CK)增加17.62%和31.53%;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)的平均单果重为16.40g,分别比常规施肥处理(NF)和对照(CK)增加16.56%和34.10%;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)平均单株产量极显著高于对照(CK),比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)分别增加47.49%和14.36%。测土平衡施肥处理(BF)的浆烂率比常规施肥处理(NF)和对照(CK)分别降低52.06%和52.40%,裂果率比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)分别降低51.70%和46.59%。测土平衡施肥处理(BF)的土壤有机质含量平均为11.87mg/kg,分别比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)增加30.73%和9.91%;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)和常规施肥处理(NF)的碱解氮含量与对照(CK)间差异极显著,分别比对照(CK)提高43.27%和42.33%;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)和常规施肥(NF)的平均速效磷含量分别为28.54mg/kg和22.29mg/kg,分别比对照(CK)提高132.79%和81.81%;测土平衡施肥处理(BF)的速效钾含量极显著高于对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF),分别比对照(CK)和常规施肥处理(NF)In order to clarify the effect of soil fertilization on the growth and morbidity of jujube and on the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties,we took three main producing counties of Cangzhou city as the research area,and the soil balancing fertilization(BF),conventional fertilization(NF)and non fertilization(CK)were designed to study the effects of different treatments on the growth and development of jujube,the economic traits of jujube,the disease and the morbidity of fruit cracking,soil available nutrition concentration,soil bulk density and soil porosity.The results showed that the number of the jujube fruiting section on secondary branch of BF was 7.08,increased by 2.71 and 1.85 repectively compared with CK and NF;The number of bearing shoot of BF increased by 0.67 and 0.25 compared with CK and NF;The fruit ratio of BF increased by 54.55%and 33.04%respectively compared with CK and NF.The vertical diameter of jujube of BF treatment increased by 13.20%and 28.46%compared with NF and CK.The horizontal diameter of jujube of BF treatment increased by 17.62%and 31.53%compared with NF and CK.The average fruit weight of BF was 16.40 g,which increased by 16.56%and 34.10%compared with CK and NF respectively.The average yield per plant of BF treatment increased by 47.49%and 14.36%,which was significantly higher than that of CK and NF.The pulp rotten rate of BF decreased by 52.06%and 52.40%respectively compared with NF and CK,and the fruit cracking rate of BF decreased by 51.70%and 46.59%compared with CK and NF.The content of soil organic matter was 11.87 mg/kg,which increased by 30.73%and 9.91%compared with CK and NF.The content of soil available N in BF and NF were significantly higher than that of CK,which increased by 43.27%and 42.33%respectively compared with CK;The content of soil available P in BF and NF was 28.54 mg/kg and 22.29 mg/kg,which increased by 132.79%and 81.81%respectively compared with CK.The content of soil available K in BF was significantly higher than that of CK and NF,which increased

关 键 词：测土平衡施肥 生长发育 产量 发病率 理化性状 金丝小枣 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S147.3[农业科学—园艺学]