中国玉米土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量  

The abundance-deficiency indices of soil N and appropriate nitrogen application rates for maize in China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 曾红[1] 赵雅晴 刘江扬 马悦然[1] SUN Hongren;ZENG Hong;ZHAO Yaqing;LIU Jiangyang;MA Yueran(Institute of Grassland Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing　100193))

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2017年第3期40-49,共10页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-35)

摘　　要：文章对自20世纪80年代以来我国开展的玉米土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量研究进行了系统总结。结果表明,30年来我国玉米土壤碱解氮丰缺指标并未出现明显变化;不同区域玉米土壤氮素丰缺指标差异很大,缺氮处理相对产量90%的土壤碱解氮含量指标变动于99~385 mg/kg;我国玉米土壤氮素丰缺指标研究存在许多空白区域;我国玉米土壤普遍缺氮,氮素丰缺级别集中于级别较低的第4级和第5级,缺氮处理相对产量大多介于60%~80%;可以采用理论数据对同一自然区域内的玉米土壤碱解氮丰缺指标进行整合;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,各试验点土壤养分含量分布不宜过于集中,丰缺指标高端和低端可以各采用一个外推数据,但应予以注明;可以采用"养分平衡-地力差减法"确定不同氮素丰缺级别玉米土壤的适宜施氮量;适宜施氮量与土壤氮素丰缺级别线性负相关,与目标产量线性正相关;当氮肥当季利用率为40%、目标产量为10.5 t/hm^2时,玉米土壤氮素丰缺级别由高到低第1~7级的适宜施氮量分别为0,60,121,181,242,302,362 kg/hm^2。In this paper,research on abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil N for maize(SNFM)and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate(ANFAR)conducted in China since the 1980 s were systematically summarized.The results showed that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen for maize(SAHNFM)in China had not changed significantly in 30 years.There were considerable differences in their ADI of SNFM in different regions,and the ADI of SAHNFM for 90%relative yield(RY)of the complete nutrients treatment except nitrogen(TCNTEN)ranged between 99~385 mg/kg.Researches on ADI of SNFM in China had many blank regions.Soil N deficiency for corn in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SNFC focused on the comparatively low level 4 and 5,and the RY of TCNTEN were most of between 60%～80%.The ADI of SAHNFC in the same natural region could be integrated by theoretical data.For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and the soil nutrient contents of trial sites should not be too centralized,and one extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI can be used,but should be noted.The ANFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SNFM could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility.ANFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SNFM are linear negative correlation.ANFAR and the yield goal are linear positive correlation.ANFAR and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season(NFUEICS)are linear negative correlation.When the NFUEICS of 40%and the target yield of 10.5 t/hm2,the ANFAR for the SNFM abundance-deficiency level 1～7 from high to low are 0,60,121,181,242,302 and 362 kg/hm2,respectively.

关 键 词：中国 玉米 测土施肥 土壤氮素 丰缺指标 施肥量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S154.2