中国海洋产业就业结构变化及其影响因素  

Change of Employment Structure and Its Influence Factors of Marine Industry in China

作　　者：郭建科[1] 邓昭[1] 许妍[2] 王绍博 谷月[1] GUO Jianke;DENG Zhao;XU Yan;WANG Shaobo;GU Yue(Center for Studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Center of National Marine Environmental Monitoring,Dalian 116023,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心,辽宁大连116029 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [3]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,南京210093

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2018年第2期36-40,57,共6页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB131);国家社会科学基金项目(17BJY039);辽宁省社会科学基金项目(L16BJL007)

摘　　要：以海洋产业就业为研究对象,从劳动生产率、就业弹性方面分析2002—2015年海洋产业在吸纳就业方面的特征。在此基础上,运用"三轴图"与Divisa模型,分析海洋产业就业结构演变特征并进行因素分解。研究表明:(1)与全国和陆域产业相比,海洋产业发展效益好,吸纳就业潜力大。其中海洋渔业、滨海旅游和海洋交通运输依然是吸纳就业的主力。新兴产业中,海洋化工、海洋工程建筑等就业弹性较高的行业,对海洋产业就业推动作用较大。(2)2002—2015年海洋产业就业结构演进呈现先"右旋"再"左旋"的发展模式,而海洋产业结构则为"左旋"发展模式,并且海洋产业就业结构演进滞后于海洋产业结构演进。(3)经济效应是中国海洋产业就业增长的主要因素,结构效应和技术效应是抑制海洋产业就业增长的主要因素。Taking the employment of the marine industry as the research object,analyzes the characteristics of marine industry in absorbing employment from the angle of labor productivity and employment elasticity from 2002 to 2015.Based on these,this paper use the three-axis map and Divisa model,analyses the structure evolution characteristics and factor analysis,the research shows that:(1)Compared with the national and land industries,the marine industry development benefit is better,and absorbing more employment.Among them,marine fisheries,coastal tourism and marine transportation is still the main force to absorb employment.Emerging industries,marine chemicals,marine engineering construction and other industries with higher employment elasticity,and promote the employment of marine industries.(2)Employment structure of marine industry firstly present right-handed and then left-handed,while marine industrial structure is left-handed model from 2002 to 2015,and the evolution of marine industrial structure is faster than the employment structure evolution.(3)The economic growth effect is the main factor of the employment growth in China’s marine industry,structure effect and technical effect is the main factors restraining employment growth in marine industry.

关 键 词：海洋产业 就业结构 影响因素 Divisa模型 中国 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] K902[历史地理—人文地理学]