基于EwE模型的三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾和梭鱼混养系统的能流分析  

Energy Flux Analysis of Portunus trituberculatus-Litopenaeus vannamei-Liza haematocheli Polyculture System Based on EwE Model

作　　者：奉杰 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 何瑞鹏 张东旭[1] 王润[1] FENG Jie;TIAN Xiang-Li;DONG Shuang-Lin;HE Rui-Peng;ZHANG Dong-Xu;WANG Run(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期24-36,共13页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009)资助~~

摘　　要：以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和梭鱼(Liza haematocheli)混养池塘生态系统为研究对象,利用Ecopath with ecosim(EwE)模型软件,构建了由17个生物功能组组成的能量流动模型。研究表明,系统由5个营养级组成,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级的能量流通量占系统总能量流通量的比例分别为63.47%和35.39%。系统大部分消费者位于营养级Ⅱ左右,食物链结构多呈"线状"。系统总能量流中碎屑功能组占74.58%,初级生产者占25.42%,其中,碎屑功能组中的人工饵料生物能占系统总能量来源22.31%,在系统总能量流中起重要作用。系统Finn’s循环指数(FCI)为21.24%,连接指数(CI)和系统杂食指数(SOI)分别为0.28和0.06,相对聚合度(A/C)为0.45。从生态营养学效率(EE)值来看,系统对来自碎屑功能组的能量利用率较高,对来自初级生产者微型、微微型浮游植物的能量利用效率较低。大量初级生产者能量未被利用而直接流向碎屑功能组,表明该系统的营养级结构还能进一步优化。建议提高梭鱼的放养密度或引入合适的滤食性生物进行搭配养殖,进一步提高系统的能量利用效率和混合养殖效益。Using the Ecopath with ecosim(EwE)modeling software,a trophic structure model of Portunus trituberculatus-Litopenaeus vannamei-Liza haematocheli polyculture pond ecosystem was constructed.The model contained 17 functional groups.The results showed that the polyculture system was composed of 5 aggregated trophic levels.The system throughput on trophic level I and II accounted for 63.47%and 35.39%of the total system throughput(TST),respectively.The majority of consumers were concentrated at trophic level II.The system food chain was more like a linear rather than a“web like”structure.The energy originated from detritus groups and the groups of primary producers contributed 74.58%and 25.42%to the total energy flux,respectively,therein to,the detritus groups of artificial feeds of Aloidis laevis and shrimp feeds played important roles in running the system energy flow,which contributed 22.31%to the total.The Finn’s cycling index(FCI)in the system was 21.24%and the value of connectance index(CI)and system omnivory index(SOI)were 0.28 and 0.06,respectively.The relative ascendancy was 0.45.The ecotrophic efficiency(EE)values of detritus groups were high in the system.However,the EE value of the two groups of primary producers of nano-phytoplankton and pico-phytoplankton was relatively low.Large amount of energy from these two groups flowed into detritus groups directly,suggesting the optimizing potentials for this system.As a result,we proposed a higher farming density of L.haematocheli or a filter feeder introduction to this polyculture system to exploit its potential productivity,thus to improve further the system energy utilization efficiency and synthetic benefit.

关 键 词：能量流动 营养结构 EWE 混养 三疣梭子蟹 凡纳滨对虾 梭鱼 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]