城市竞争、空间溢出与生态效率:高位压力和低位吸力的影响  

Urban competition,spatial spillovers and eco-efficiency:the impacts of high-order pressure and low-order suction

作　　者：黄建欢[1] 谢优男 余燕团 HUANG Jian-huan;XIE You-nan;YU Yan-tuan(School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University,Changsha Hunan 410079,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院,湖南长沙410079

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2018年第3期1-12,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"异质性资源禀赋下城市生态效率度量;空间溢出及其驱动机制研究"(批准号:41571524);国家社会科学基金重大项目"推进我国区域经济;政治;社会;文化及生态协同发展研究"(批准号:11&ZD012)

摘　　要：在推进新型工业化、信息化和城镇化同步发展的过程中,得益于要素资源的有效集聚,部分城市成为新的枢纽城市或者标杆城市,城市间在经济增长和环境规制等方面存在不同程度的竞争,研究城市竞争如何影响生态效率提升对于实现区域可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文利用191个地级及以上城市2003—2015年面板数据,测度经济增长和环境规制空间溢出的高位压力和低位吸力,研究城市间经济增长竞争和环境规制竞争对城市生态效率提升的影响。主要发现有:(1)邻近地区经济增长和环境规制空间溢出的高位压力和低位吸力对本市生态效率的作用方向具有显著差异,低位促进,高位抑制,且分别以"破罐子破摔"效应和"污染天堂"效应最突出。(2)邻近阈值为750 km时,经济增长高位压力和低位吸力每增加1个单位,生态效率增长率会分别降低14.5%和提高9.7%。而环境规制低位吸力每增加1个单位,生态效率增长率会提高4.5%。(3)分组比较发现,各组城市经济增长竞争对生态效率提升的影响仍表现为"破罐子破摔"效应。(4)与资源型城市和环境保护非重点城市相比,非资源型城市和环境保护重点城市更易受到环境规制更宽松的邻近城市影响,呈现显著的"污染天堂"效应。实证发现暗示着:在区域可持续发展进程中应积极引导城市间的良性竞争;地方政府应高度重视经济增长和环境规制的正、负向空间溢出,生态效率增长极地区应积极发挥示范效应和溢出效应;对不同城市类型采取差别化约束机制,坚持分类指导、特色发展,以快速有效地提升城市生态效率,实现区域绿色发展。In the process of synchronous development of promoting new type industrialization,informatization and urbanization,some prefecture level cities become the new hub city or benchmarking city which benefited from the effective agglomeration of elements and resources,there are competitions between cities in terms of economic growth and environmental regulation.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study how urban competition affects the achievement of regional sustainable development.Using the panel data of 191 prefecture level cities in China from 2003 to 2015,we measure the high order pressure and low order suction of spatial spillovers from the economic growth and environmental regulationrespectively.This paper also studies the impacts of the competitions of economic growth and environmental regulation within inter city on eco efficiency.Our main findings show that,firstly,the high order pressure and low order suction of spatial spillovers in terms of economic growth and environmental regulation in the adjacent areas are different in the direction of improving eco efficiency,the former promotes while the latter restrains,and the effects of‘throw the handle after the blade’and‘pollution heaven’are the most prominent.Secondly,when the distance threshold is 750 km,the eco efficiency growth rate will be decreased by 14.5%and increased by 9.7%for each additional unit of high order pressure and low order suction of economic growth,while the eco efficiency growth rate will be increased by 4.5%for each additional unit of low order suction of environmental regulation.Thirdly,estimation results of the sub samples document that the effect of‘throw the handle after the blade’is still prevailing in the impact of the economic growth competition of each group on promoting eco efficiency.Fourthly,compared with the resource based(RB)and non key environmental protection(KEP)cities,the non RB and KEP cities are more likely to be affected by the neighboring cities which are more restrictive in terms of

关 键 词：城市竞争 生态效率 空间溢出 高位压力 低位吸力 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]