基于三阶段DEA模型的省际真实环境效率测度与影响因素分析  

Measurement and influencing factors of inter-provincial real environmental efficiency based on three-stage DEA model

作　　者：郭四代[1] 仝梦 郭杰[1] 韩玥[2] GUO Si-dai;TONG Meng;GUO Jie;HAN Yue(School of Economics and Management,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;China National School of Administration,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学经济管理学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]中国国家行政学院,北京100089

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2018年第3期106-116,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"我国城市居民PM2.5减排行为影响因素及支持政策研究"(批准号:15CGL043);四川省科技厅软科学研究计划项目"四川省环境污染治理及政策选取研究"(批准号:2015ZR0114)

摘　　要：随着经济的快速发展,大量不可再生资源不断消耗,生态环境急剧恶化,严峻的资源环境形势已成为阻碍我国经济社会可持续发展的"硬约束"。切实转变经济发展方式,采取有效的环境治理政策刻不容缓。而有效的环境效率测度可探究出造成资源过度消费与环境污染的主要原因,从而推进环境治理政策的改进。本文基于2006—2015年省际区域的面板数据,采用三阶段DEA模型评价了相同环境下各区域的环境效率水平、变化趋势及其差异性,探讨了我国环境效率的影响因素,剥离了外部环境因素与随机误差因素的影响,为测度环境效率的真实水平提供了可行的方法。结果发现:(1)三阶段DEA模型可有效剔除随机误差与外部环境因素对区域环境效率的影响,能客观真实地测度我国各省市的环境效率水平,从而获得比传统DEA模型更有效的环境效率状况。(2)排除随机误差与外部环境因素作用后,我国东部、中部、西部及全国的平均环境效率值和平均纯技术效率值均被低估,平均规模效率则在不同程度上被高估,环境效率的提升主要受规模效率水平不高的制约。(3)调整后的东部、中部、西部真实环境效率水平存在明显的空间不平衡现象。(4)规模收益的变动受环境与随机因素的影响比较明显,绝大部分省份处于规模收益递增行列。故为进一步提高中国环境效率水平,应优化产业结构比例,并借助"一带一路"倡议,实施产业转移;适度增加环境污染治理投资规模,转变"先污染后治理"模式;根据规模收益变化情况,各省市应因地制宜地选择不同的发展模式;切实提升企业生产技术创新能力和环境污染治理技术创新能力,实现能源的节约和污染排放的减量化;发展城市群,提高新型城镇化水平与环境治理效率;进一步深化对外开放程度,提高外贸依存度。With the rapid development of economy,more and more nonrenewable resources are consumed,which leads to sharp deterioration in ecological environment.The severe resource and environmental situation has become the hard constraint that hinders the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.So far,it is urgent to change economic development mode and adopt effective environmental policies.Effective calculation of environmental efficiency can explore the main causes of resource overconsumption and environmental pollution.Therefore,environmental policy can be improved.According to the panel data of the provincial region in 2006-2015,this paper adopts three-stage DEA model and evaluates the environmental efficiency level,the variation trend and the difference of the different regions.Still,this paper discusses influencing factors of environmental efficiency and provides a feasible method for accurate measurement of environmental efficiency.The results show that:①The three-stage DEA model can measure regional environmental efficiency objectively and obtain more accurate results than traditional DEA method with exclusion of random error factors and external environmental factors influence.②The average environmental efficiency and the average pure technical efficiency of eastern,central,western regions and whole China are underestimated after eliminating random error factors and external environment factors,but the average scale efficiency is overestimated on different extent.Environmental efficiency is mainly restricted to low scale efficiency.③There is an obvious spatial imbalance after adjusted environment efficiency between eastern,central and western regions.④The change of scale return is obviously affected by environmental and random factors.And most of provinces are in the increasing ranks of the scale revenue.In order to promote China’s environmental efficiency,we should focus on the following aspects:First,optimizing the proportion of industrial structures and implementing industry transfer

关 键 词：三阶段DEA模型 环境效率 外部环境因素 随机误差因素 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学]