首级台阶角度对联合消能工水力特性的影响  

Impact of the first step table-board angle on hydraulic characteristics of combined dissipater

作　　者：张勤 杨具瑞[1] 叶小胜 程浩亮 李书曌 ZHANG Qin;YANG Jurui;YE Xiaosheng;CHENG Haoliang;LI Shuzhao(Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第4期313-319,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51569010)

摘　　要：为了改善高水头大单宽流量阶梯溢流坝掺气特性,结合阿海水电站,通过1∶60的水工模型试验,对Y型宽尾墩+阶梯溢流坝+消力池的联合消能工过渡阶梯上首级台阶台面上挑5°,10°,15°,水平0°和下跌5°,10°,15°时分别进行了水工模型试验.从空腔长度、消力池的水流流态,底板时均压力、临底流速、消能率等各个方面,寻找能改善掺气特性的首级台阶台面角度.结果表明:掺气空腔长度随着首级台阶台面角的增大而增大;空腔最大负压随着台面角的上升而减小,且随着台面角的上升,最大负压从第2级阶梯的立面转移到第1级阶梯的立面;消能率随着首级台阶台面角的增大而略有增大,首级台阶台面上挑消能效果略优于下跌或水平.首级台阶面上挑15°为掺气效果最好的过渡台阶衔接体型.In order to optimize the aeration characteristics of stepped spillway under the large flow rate per unit width,based on the spillway of Ahai hydropower station,different table-board angles of first step,respectively up 5°,10°,15°,falling down 5°,10°,15°and flat surface 0°,were set on the Y-shaped flaring gate piers combined with stepped spillway and stilling basin by the physical model at the ratio of 1/60,to find that the optimal level of table size can improve the aerosol characteristics by the cavity length,the power flow at the stilling basin bottom,time-averaged pressure on stilling bottom,temporary bottom velocity,energy dissipation ratios and other aspects.The results show that the length of the aeration cavity increases with increasing the first stage table angle.The cavity negative pressure decreases with the increase of the first stage table angle,and with increasing the first stage table angle,the maximum cavity negative pressure transfers from the second step facade to the first step facade.The energy consumption rate increases slightly with increasing the first stage table angle and the energy dissipation effect when the first step is up,is better than that when the first step is falling down or at the level.The first step on the surface pick 15°is the interim step joining type of the best aerosols.

关 键 词：Y型宽尾墩 阶梯溢流坝 首级台阶 水工模型 水力特性 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]