极低频射电天文观测现状与未来发展  

The History and Development of The Low-Frequency Radio Observation

作　　者：梅丽 苏彦 周建锋[4,5] Mei Li;Su Yan;Zhou Jianfeng(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Astronomical Observatories.Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory for Exploration in the Moon and Deep Space.Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Engineering Physics and Center for Astrophysics.Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Particle&Radiation Imaging(Tsinghua University)Ministry of Education,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [3]中国科学院月球与深空探测重点实验室,北京100101 [4]清华大学工程物理系天体物理中心,北京100084 [5]粒子技术与辐射成像教育部重点实验室(清华大学),北京100084

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2018年第2期127-139,共13页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11373025)资助

摘　　要：极低频(<40 MHz)是现代天文观测一个十分重要的频段,通过极低频探测可以开展太阳爆发、恒星形成、星系演化、宇宙早期状态等重要研究。但是对于频率低于10~20MHz的信号而言,由于地球电离层的反射或严重失真影响,以及地球上存在低频无线电干扰源,无法对该频率范围内的信号进行探测研究。月亮背面是开展低频射电观测的一个独特的平台,相比于地球来说是一个得天独厚的理想环境。对具有代表性的极低频射电望远镜进行了调研,就极低频天文观测的科学意义、发展现状和相关技术做一个回顾性总结。在可预见的未来几年,我国嫦娥4号搭载的极低频射电频谱仪将是世界上最重要的低频观测设备之一,本文也对该设备进行了初步介绍。The very low frequency radio wave(<40MHz)is an important radio frequency range of modern astronomical observation.The extremely low frequency detection can carry out important research about solar outburst?star formation,galaxy evolution and the early universe etc.But for signal with frequency less than 10-20MHz,because of the Earth′s ionosphere reflection or serious distortion effects and low frequency radio interference sources on earth,it is unable to research on such band.The far-side of the moon is a unique platform for low-frequency radio observation,which is an ideal environment compare to the Earth.In this paper,we present an overview of the typical low frequency radio telescopes around the world since the birth of radio astronomy.We give a retrospective summary on the scientific significance and development status of low frequency radio astronomy,and introduce in detail about the parametric and technical points of these low frequency telescopes.We also introduce CE-4′s low frequency radio spectrometer which will be the important instrument for low frequency radio observation in few years.

关 键 词：射电天文 极低频 囯内外研究现状 嫦娥4号 

分 类 号：P161[天文地球—天文学]