施用不同菌渣肥对小麦/玉米轮作系统土壤养分的影响  

Effect of Different Edible Fungus Residue Fertilizers' Application on Soil Nutrients Concentrations under the Wheat-Maize Rotation Systems

作　　者：聂胜委[1] 张巧萍[1] 李向东[2] 张玉亭[1] 王二耀[3] 康源春[1] NIE Shengwei;ZHANG Qiaoping;LI Xiangdong;ZHANG Yuting;WANG Eryao;KANG Yuanchun(Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Wheat,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2018年第4期588-594,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2017YFD0201702);河南省商品粮大省奖励资金示范推广项目(20170018);"十二五"科技支撑计划循环农业项目(2012BAD14B08;2012BAD14B04);国家自然科学基金项目(31301284);河南省肉牛产业技术体系废弃物循环利用项目(20180006)

摘　　要：研究了小麦季施用不同菌渣、牛粪配比的菌渣肥(JZA(纯菌渣)、JZB(菌渣∶牛粪=1∶2)、JZC(菌渣∶牛粪=1∶1)、JZD(菌渣∶牛粪=2∶1))在3 000(JZ1),6 000(JZ2),9 000(JZ3)kg/hm^2这3个施用量水平上对小麦/玉米轮作系统中土壤养分的影响,以不施菌渣肥为对照(CK-JZ0)。结果表明,与CK-JZ0相比,在菌渣肥施用量为3 000 kg/hm^2或6 000 kg/hm^2时,JZA,JZB,JZC,JZD配比的菌渣肥对小麦、玉米产量以及轮作系统总生产力提高不明显,甚至减产,可持续性和施用效果也较差;对小麦/玉米轮作系统中当季小麦成熟期耕层土壤养分全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质影响不显著;随着施用次数和时间的增加,对耕层土壤养分逐渐产生一定影响,但是规律不明显。菌渣肥施用量为9 000 kg/hm^2时,JZB,JZC配比菌渣肥对小麦、玉米产量以及轮作系统总生产力的提高较大,可持续性和施用效果较好;对小麦/玉米轮作系统中当季小麦成熟期土壤全氮含量影响较小,能提高玉米季成熟期土壤全氮含量;降低当季小麦成熟期耕层土壤速效磷、速效钾含量,提高下茬玉米成熟期土壤速效磷、速效钾含量;降低小麦成熟期耕层土壤有机质含量,改善或提高玉米成熟期耕层土壤有机质含量;随着施用次数和时间的增加,施用JZB,JZC菌渣肥能显著提高小麦、玉米成熟期土壤速效氮含量(P≤0.05);土壤速效钾含量增加趋势变强,能够大幅度提高小麦、玉米成熟期土壤速效磷含量(P≤0.05);能够明显提高或改善小麦成熟期耕层土壤有机质含量。In this manuscript,effects of 4 kinds edible fungus residue fertilizers which included JZA(pure edible fungus residue),JZB(edible fungus residue vs.cattle manure=0.5),JZC(edible fungus residue vs.cattle manure=1),and JZD(edible fungus residue vs.cattle manure=2)and 3 application levels which included 3 000(JZ1),6 000(JZ2),and 9 000(JZ3)kg/hm2 on wheat and maize grain yields and soil nutrients concentration were studied,and the treatment without edible fungus residue fertilizer as control(CK-JZ0).The result showed that compared with CK-JZ0 treatment,JZA,JZB,JZC and JZD treatments under 3 000 kg/hm2 or 6 000 kg/hm2 application levels could not obtain higher total productivity of rotation systems and wheat and maize grain yields,and might lead to yield decrease,and the sustainability and outcome were also worse.Moreover,it was not significantly to influence soil total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen,Olsen-P,exchangeable K,and soil organic matter concentrations at modern wheat harvesting stage.The soil nutrients were influenced gradually,but not showed certain characterize with the edible fungus residue fertilizer application times and days continue.However,JZB and JZC treatments under 9 000 kg/hm2 application levels could obtain higher total productivity for rotation systems and yield for wheat and maize,respectively,and the sustainability and outcome were much better.But it had little effects on soil total nitrogen concentrations at modern wheat harvesting stage,and it also could improve the total nitrogen content at maize harvesting stage,decrease soil Olsen-P and exchangeable K contents at modern wheat harvesting stage,increase soil Olsen-P and exchangeable K contents at maize harvesting stage,reduce soil organic matter content at wheat harvesting stage,improve soil organic matter at maize harvesting stage.With the edible fungus residue fertilizer(JZB and JZC,9 000 kg/hm2)application times and days continue,JZB and JZC treatment could increase soil available nitrogen content at wheat and maize harvesting

关 键 词：菌渣肥 小麦/玉米轮作系统 土壤养分 影响 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]