circRNA研究现状及展望  

Research in circRNA: A review

作　　者：王宏浩[1] 韩文静[1] 张燕军[1] 苏蕊[1] 刘志红[1] 王瑞军[1] 王志英[1] 赵艳红[1] 王志新[1] 李金泉[1] WANG Hong-hao;HANWen-jing;ZHANG Yan-jun;SU Rui;LIU Zhi-hong;WANG Rui-jun;WANG Zhi-ying;ZHAO Yan-hong;WANG Zhi-xin;LI Jin-quan(College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction/Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding,Hohho)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院/农业部肉羊遗传育种重点实验室/内蒙古动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室/内蒙古山羊遗传育种工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第3期431-439,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560619);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2017MS0309);内蒙古高等学校青年科技英才支持计划项目(NJYT-17-A04)

摘　　要：circRNA(Circular RNAs)是一类不具有5′末端帽子和3′末端poly(A)尾巴并以共价键形成封闭环状结构的内源性非编码RNA(nc RNA)分子,根据circ RNA的剪接来源不同,可分为外显子circ RNA(Exonic cir RNAs)、内含子circ RNA(cir RNAs)和外显子—内含子circ RNA(Exon-in-troncirc RNA,EIci RNA)。文章从分子特征、研究历程、形成过程、作用机制及其数据库及分析工具等方面对circ RNA研究现状和生物学功能进行综述,结果显示随着高通量测序技术的进步和生物信息学的快速发展,越来越多的circ RNA被挖掘,其具有稳定性、广泛性、保守性及组织特异性等性质,在基因表达调控中发挥重要作用,可作为一种疾病的生物标志物,在临床诊断和治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。但circ RNA还有许多尚未知悉的重要生物学功能,如其在绒毛生长发育中的作用机理,且在疾病诊断和治疗方面研究不够深入。在今后研究中,应深入研究circ RNA及其在疾病诊断、治疗方面及绒毛发育的作用机制,充分了解其更多的生物学功能,使其广泛应用于各研究领域。Circlar RNAs(circRNA)is one kind of endogenous non-coding RNA molecule,which is formed by 5′cap structures and 3′poly(A)tails covalently bonding to form a closed loop structure.It can be divided into exonic cir-RNAs,cirRNAs and exon-in-troncircRNA(EIciRNA)according to the different splicing sources of circular.In this study,the research status and biological functions of circRNA were reviewed from the aspects of molecular characteristics,research process,formation process,mechanism of action,database and analytical tools.The review indicated that,with the progress of high-throughput sequencing technology and the rapid development of bioinformatics,more and more circRNA were discovered.circRNA had the characteristics of stability,universality,conservatism and tissue specificity.It played an important role in gene expression regulation.It could be used as a biomarker for certain diseases,and enjoyed broad application prospects in clinical diagnosis and treatment.However,many important biological functions of circ-RNA remained unknown,such as its mechanism of action in villus growth and development.The studies in disease diagnosis and treatment needed to go deeper.Therefore,in future research,intensive study should be made in circRNA and its mechanism of action in disease diagnosis,treatment and villus development to fully understand its biological functions,so that it can be widely used in various fields.

关 键 词：circRNA 特征 形成 生物学功能 作用机制 

分 类 号：S818.9[农业科学—畜牧学]