舱内功能及人机工效导向的载人潜水器工作舱布局设计方法  

Manned submersible working cabin layout design method under cabin function system constraints and ergonomic constraints

作　　者：陈登凯[1,2] 范昱 张帅 曲俊霖[1,2] CHEN Dengkai;FAN Yu;ZHANG Shuai;QU Junlin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China;Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Design,Xi'an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学机电学院,陕西西安710072 [2]陕西省工业设计工程实验室,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《中国舰船研究》2018年第2期41-50,共10页Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2016YFC0300600);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(B13044)

摘　　要：[目的]大深度载人潜水器因球壳体积狭小带来的工作舱布局难的问题主要依靠设备的合理排布和对工作区域的优化调整来解决。以往的舱室设计多根据人体肌肉疲劳度要求进行设计,易造成设备排布过分集中或超出有限空间的现象,有可能引起设备安装、使用和维护上空间不足的问题,而注重舱内功能和人机工效这2种目标导向的设计方法则可避免这些问题。[方法]通过分析2种导向下的舱内功能系统约束与人机工效约束,提出以2种约束为基础的工作舱布局设计方法,形成针对大深度潜水器的舱室布局设计流程。以"蛟龙"号潜水器的舱内布局设计为例,按照所提出的流程进行方案设计,并利用JACK仿真分析系统等工具进行人机综合评价。[结果]结果显示,所给出的设计方案能给潜航员提供一个舒适、安全、省力的工作环境,所提出的2种导向下的布局设计方法合理有效。[结论]以舱内功能和人机工效为导向所做的方法研究解决了大深度潜水器狭小空间布局的问题,对同类多设备狭小空间的舱室布局设计有可借鉴之处。[Objectives]The cabin layout of deep sea manned submersibles presents difficult problems,mainly regarding the reasonable arrangement of the equipment and the optimization and adjustment of the working area.Previous cabin designs were based on human muscle fatigue requirements,which easily led to the excessive concentration of equipment beyond the limited space of the phenomenon.This also caused such problems as insufficient space for the installation,use and maintenance of equipment.A two-goal-oriented design method focusing on cabin function and ergonomics may avoid these problems.[Methods]In this paper,we propose a layout design method based on two constraints,forming a deep sea submersible cabin layout design flow by analyzing the cabin function constraints and ergonomic constraints under two kinds of guidance.We take the'Jiaolong'submersible cabin layout design as an example in accordance with the proposed process for program design,and use the JACK analysis system and other tools for human-computer comprehensive evaluation.[Results]This program can provide a comfortable,safe and labor-saving working environment for divers.The proposed layout design methods are reasonable and effective.[Conclusions]Research into the cabin function and ergonomics-oriented method can solve the problem of the small spatial layout of deep sea submersibles,and provide references for the similar layout design of small space and multi-equipment cabins.

关 键 词：载人潜水器 工作舱 布局设计方法 人机工效导向 舱内功能系统约束 

分 类 号：U662[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]