中国民族语言识别:分歧及成因  

Identifi cation of Chinese Ethnic Languages: Differences and Causes

作　　者：黄行[1] Huang Xing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2018年第2期27-37,共11页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：北京语言大学语言资源高精尖创新中心项目"语言识别理论及语言数量统计的方法论研究"(KYR17018)的资助

摘　　要：中国民族语言的系属复杂,数量众多,方言差别显著,国内与国际学术界关于中国语言数量的统计结果十分悬殊。本文从微观和实证的角度描述了中国与国际组织关于中国语言谱系分类、身份识别和方言划分的不同标准,对标准的异同做了客观的分析和评价。认为国际组织采用的"语言群体认同"和"词汇相似度"(lexical similarity)标准与中国学界语言的"民族"族属和"同源词"标准之间,有一定的相通之处;然而在技术上,语言可懂度和语言认同度标准的可操作性不高,是《世界民族语言志》(Ethnologue)语言识别结果时常会受到诟病的主要问题。The Chinese ethnic language is a complicated system with a large number of languages and distinctive differences among dialects.The statistical results of the Chinese languages are quite different in Chinese and international academic circles.This paper,based on the case study,intends to make a comprehensive description of the different criteria on language classifi cation,identifi cation and dialect division used by Chinese scholars and international organizations,so as to make an objective analysis and evaluation on these standards.The paper fi nds that there are some similarities in terms of language classifi cation criteria,that is,the international organizations adopt“language group identity”and“lexical similarity”to distinguish different languages while Chinese scholars use“ethnicity”and“cognate words”.However,in terms of practical application,the standard of language intelligibility and language recognition is not operable,which makes the Chinese language number released by Ethnologue subject to criticism.

关 键 词：语言分类 语言识别 语言可懂度 语言群体认同 分歧与成因 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]