新型纳微纤维复合滤料的制备及性能  

Preparation and performance of a novel composite filter composed of micrometer as well as nanometer sized fibers

作　　者：钱晓明[1] 王一帆[1] QIAN Xiao-ming;WANG Yi-fan(School of Textiles,Tianjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织学院,天津300387

出　　处：《天津工业大学学报》2018年第1期13-18,共6页Journal of Tiangong University

基　　金：天津市应用基础与前沿技术计划项目(16JC2DJC36400);天津市科技计划项目(14TXGCCX00014)

摘　　要：为了显著地提高对粒径为0.3μm(MPPS)的气溶胶颗粒的过滤效率,同时使所期望的过滤效率的提高没有以额外的压力降为代价,开发了一种具有新型复合结构的高效低阻的空气滤料并对其性能进行了研究.通过叠加多层由微米纤维和静电纺纳米纤维梳理而成的纤网,再经针刺加固技术可制得此种滤料.过滤性能测试表明,在风速为32 L/min时,新型滤料对于300 nm Na Cl气溶胶的过滤效率可达96.6%,而此时的压力降仅为223 Pa,远优于普通针刺滤料.同时发现,通过简单地改变被叠加纤网的层数和每层纤网的厚度,滤料复合结构也随之改变,从而影响此种非织造滤料的过滤性能.一般而言,多层叠加低面密度的静电纺纳米纤维膜比使用高面密度单层静电纺纳米纤维膜更加有效,质量因子QF值更高,过滤性能更好,但是层数有一个理论上的最大值,并非越多越好;而纳米纤维膜最佳厚度应为其将形成膜的最大临界状态的厚度,模拟纳米纤维与薄网的混纺状态.In order to significantly increase a local minimum of fractional collection efficiency in the aerosol particle size about 0.3μm(MPPS),and simultaneously make this anticipated gain in the filtration efficiency not overpaid with an excessive pressure drop,we developed a high efficiency low resistance air filter with a novel composite structure,which allowed us to produce filters by stacking multiple thin layers composed of microfibers and electrospun nanofibers,and to study the performance.The filtration performance tests show that the maximum filtration efficiency reaches 96.6%for 300 nm NaCl aerosol particles,the maximum pressure drop is only 223 Pa under the face velocity of 32 L/min,which is superior to that of common nonwoven filters using needle punching.Additionally,it is found that,by simply varying the thickness and amount of layers,the stacking structure assisted by layer-by-layer is consequently changed,and then the filtration performance of nonwoven filtration filters changed.Generally,in reference to QF and filtration performance,stacking up the multi-layers composed of the microfibrous support and the nanofibrous facial layer was more effective than using a single electrospun fibrous membrane with high basis weight,and there is a theoretical optimum in stacked layers.Simultaneously,it is believed that the optimum value of a thickness for a single film should be an critical criterion for which nanofibers seemed to be implanted in a nonwoven web,simulating the"blending"way with microfibers.

关 键 词：纳微纤维 复合滤料 复合结构 非织造空气滤料 PET微米纤维 PAN纳米纤维 微细粒子 过滤性能 

分 类 号：TS176.3[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]