矮化独秆小麦突变体的生物学特征和遗传分析  

Biological traits and genetic analysis of a wheat dwarf-monoculm mutant

作　　者：何瑞士 倪永静 孙玉龙 姜玉梅[1] 李巧云[1] 牛吉山[1] HE Ruishi;NI Yongjing;SUN Yulong;JIANG Yumei;LI Qiaoyun;NIU Jishan(National Engineering Research Center for Wheat,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]商丘市农林科学院小麦所,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2018年第1期11-15,29,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(30601235)

摘　　要：诱变小麦栽培种国麦301,得到一个矮化独秆突变体(dwarf-monoculm,dmc)。与亲本相比,该突变体完全不分蘖,植株矮小,株高48.00 cm,茎节减少,穗长6.48 cm,幼苗叶片黄绿,拔节后变正常绿色,子粒黄色,主茎小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均显著小于亲本国麦301,抽穗期、开花期和成熟期均较国麦301推迟7 d以上。用431对SSR引物检测,亲本国麦301和突变体dmc间的遗传多样性没有发现差异位点,表明两者遗传背景高度一致,证明dmc是源自"国麦301"的突变体。组织学观察比较突变体与国麦301的分蘖基部,发现dmc的细胞变小。中国春平均分蘖34个,dmc平均分蘖1.1个,突变体dmc/中国春杂交F1代平均分蘖4.48个,提示独秆性状为显性或半显性基因控制。A wheat dwarf-monoculm mutant named dmc was induced from ethylmethame sulfonate(EMS)treated wheat cultivar Guomai 301.Typically,the mutant dmc only had amain stem.The average plant height of dmc was 48.00 cm,and the average spike length was 6.48 cm.The leaf color of dmc was yellow green at seedling stage,but became normal green after the jointing stage.The number of spikelets on the main spike,the number of grains per spike,and 1000-grain weight of dmc were significantly smaller than those of Guomai 301.The heading,florescence and maturation times of dmc were significantly later than those of Guomai 301 by about a week.A total of 431 wheat SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity between dmc and Guomai 301.No polymorphic SSR locus between dmc and Guomai 301 had been found,which demonstrated that their genetic backgrounds were highly consistent,and the dmc was derived from Guomai 301 indeed.Histological observation indicated that the cell size of dmc was smaller than that of Guomai 301.The average tiller numbers of dmc and Chinesespring was 1.10 and 34.00,respectively.The average tiller number of the F 1 generation derived from cross dmc/Chinesespring was 4.48.These data suggested that the monoculm trait was controlled by dominant or semidominant gene/genes.

关 键 词：小麦 突变体 矮化独秆 生物学特征 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]