雨强及坡度对黄土区草地坡面水流流速的影响  

Experiment on Influence of Rainfall Intensity and Slope on Flow Velocity in Loess Area Grassland

作　　者：张琪琳 王占礼 张庆玮[1] 王栋栋 刘俊娥 ZHANG Qilin;WANG Zhanli;ZHANG Qingwei;WANG Dongdong;LIU June(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of CAS and MWR,Yangling 712100,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《人民黄河》2018年第4期96-99,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402401);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41471230);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室专项经费资助项目(A314021403-C2)

摘　　要：黄土区草被覆盖下的坡面水流流速特征研究对于深刻认识该区草地坡面侵蚀动力和科学决策该区水土保持与生态建设具有重要意义。采用草地小区人工模拟降雨试验方法,对黄土区草地坡面水流流速随雨强及坡度的变化特征进行研究,结果表明:(1)在5个不同雨强及5个不同坡度下,草地坡面流速随降雨历时变化均表现为产流初期流速快速增大,持续一段时间之后转为缓慢增大或保持稳定,且可用幂函数描述;(2)草地坡面次降雨产流平均流速分别随单一因子雨强、坡度的增大而增大,且皆可用对数函数描述;(3)草地坡面次降雨产流平均流速随雨强及坡度复合因子的变化可用二元对数函数描述,试验条件下坡度对草地坡面水流平均流速的影响大于雨强的影响。The study of flow velocity on grassland slope is of great significance to understand dynamic of erosion deeply and to make scientific decision on soil and water conservation and ecological construction in Loess Plateau.In order to study the variation of flow velocity with rainfall intensity and slope on grassland slope,in the paper,we adopted artificial rainfall experiment to study flow velocity.The results show that:a)under five different rainfall intensities and slopes,variation of flow velocities with time first increase rapidly after becoming increase slowly or stably and relationships between them can be described by the power function equations;b)average runoff velocities on grassland slopes increase with the increase of rainfall intensities and slopes respectively,which can be described by the logarithmic function equation;c)average velocities of grassland slope with rainfall intensities and slopes can be described by the dual logarithmic function equation and in the experiment,the influence of slope on grassland average velocity is greater than the influence of rainfall intensity to the grassland average velocity.

关 键 词：草地坡面 流速 雨强 坡度 黄土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]