台阶式溢洪道滑行水流消能特性研究  

Study on Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Stepped Spillways

作　　者：于进伟[1] 刘韩生[1] YU Jinwei;LIU Hansheng(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2018年第4期117-119,共3页Yellow River

摘　　要：台阶式溢洪道的消能特性是研究的热点方向,而单纯的台阶式溢洪道消能率并不能有效反映台阶在消能方面的价值。将台阶式溢洪道和同体形光滑溢洪道的消能规律进行对比,可以准确反映出台阶结构对水流消能的贡献。通过对26.56°、38.66°、51.30°三组坡度,0.5、1.0、2.0 m三种台阶高度的台阶式溢洪道进行水工模型试验研究,探讨了不同台阶高度(d)、单宽流量(q)、坡度(θ)下相对消能率(Δη)和台阶流程长度与水深比(L/h)的关系。结果表明:台阶水流为滑行流态时,在非均匀流段上相对消能率和台阶流程长度与水深比呈线性关系,复相关系数R^2在0.984 6~0.996 2之间,直线斜率随单宽流量、台阶高度、坡度的增大而增大。试验分析证实了研究相对消能率的必要性,Δη和L/h的线性关系为进一步探究台阶的消能特性提供了依据。The energy dissipation characteristic of stepped spillway is one of most important research,while energy dissipation ratio cannot effectively reflect the value of the steps in the aspect of energy dissipation.In order to accurately reflect the contribution of step structure to the flow energy dissipation,the paper conducted the comparative analysis on mechanism of energy dissipation between the stepped spillway and corresponding smooth spillway.The hydraulic model test on skimming flow had been conducted by using three different chute slopes of 26.56°,38.66°and 51.30°at a step height of 0.5 m,1.0 m and 2.0 m,focusing on the relationship of relative energy dissipation ratio with ratio of the length of flow path and depth,step height,unit discharge and bottom slope.Experimental results show that the relative energy dissipation ratio varies linearly with ratio of the length of flow path and depth and the linearly correlation coefficient between them is 0.984 6-0.996 2.The unit discharge,step height and bottom slope have a great influence on the relative energy dissipation ratio that increase with it.The result manifests that it is necessary of studying the relative energy dissipation and the unique linear relationship provides an important theory for further exploring the mechanism of energy dissipation of stepped spillway.

关 键 词：台阶式溢洪道 相对消能率 线性关系 单宽流量 坡度 台阶高度 水深 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]