冀西北半干旱区作物与茬口的土壤水分效应  

Effect of different crops and their fields on soil moisture in semiarid area of Northwest Hebei

作　　者：董云 张立峰[1] 刘玉华[1] 姚兆磊 DONG Yun;ZHANG Li-feng;LIU Yu-hua;YAO Zhao-lei(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2018年第2期28-35,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201503120)

摘　　要：针对冀西北坝上半干旱区水源匮乏、土地瘠薄、作物低产的现状,采用交叉式种植方法,设置区域5种主栽作物的倒茬定位试验,比较不同作物及其茬口对0~80cm土体耗水的影响,以为水分平衡的作物配置方式提供技术依据。研究结果表明:生长季莜麦(Avena sativa)、甜菜(Beta vulgaris)田呈耗亏土体贮水趋势,且对40cm以下土壤贮水消耗明显;蚕豆(Vicia faba)田累积土体贮水;马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、玉米(Zea mays)田耗水量介于两者之间。甜菜、莜麦生物产量与水分利用效率(WUE)均最高,蚕豆最低。适宜的倒茬方式其生长季作物WUE是连作莜麦、甜菜和马铃薯的1.96~3.00倍,是连作蚕豆、玉米的1.11~1.13倍。利用作物间耗水特性差异进行茬口适应种植,是提高作物水分利用效率、促进坝上半干旱区农田可持续生产的重要途径。Under the situation of water scarcity,land barren and low yield of crops in the semiarid area of Bashang region of the northwest of Hebei province,the rotation experiment with five crops by cross planting methods was conducted to compare the influence of different crops and their fields on soil water consumption and provide the strategy for the renewal of water balance cropping configuration.Results showed that there was a trend of consuming soil storage water in naked oats and sugar beet fields during the growing season,and especially consuming the storage water from 40 cm below of soil layer.Faba bean field accumulated soil water.The water consumption of potato and forage maize field was between oats,beet and bean field.Beets and oats had the highest biomass yield and water use efficiency,while faba bean had the lowest.The WUE of crops with appropriate rotation was 1.96~3.00 times of continuous cropping of naked oats,sugar beets and potatoes,and also was 1.11~1.13 times of continuous cropping of faba beans and forage maizes.According to the difference of water consumption characteristics between crops,reestablishing the cropping systems with the strategy of that the succeeding crop to adapt to the preceding crop was an important way to improve the water use efficiency and promote the sustainable production of farmland in Bashang semiarid area of Northwest Hebei.

关 键 词：土壤水分 倒茬 耗水量 冀西北半干旱区 

分 类 号：S344.13[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]