不同水平空气污染区小学生鼻腔症状发生的比较  

Comparison of nasal-related symptoms among primary school students in area with different levels of air pollution

作　　者：常倩 汪庆庆[2] 叶云杰[2] 徐斌[2] 马小莹[2] 丁震[2] 周连[2] 陈晓东[1,2] CHANG Qian;WANG Qing-qing;YE Yun-jie;XU Bin;MA Xiao-ying;DING Zhen;ZHOU Lian;CHEN Xiao-dong(Southeast University,School of Public Health,Jiangsu Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学公共卫生学院,南京210009 [2]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,南京210009

出　　处：《江苏预防医学》2018年第2期145-147,共3页Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项-雾霾天气人群健康风险评估和预警关键技术研究(201402022);江苏省青年医学人才(QNRC2016551;QNRC2016550);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金和江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划资助项目(SJZZ16_0038)

摘　　要：目的了解南京市不同水平空气污染区小学生鼻腔症状发生的差异。方法采取分层整群抽样原则,在南京市空气污染水平较重的A区和较轻的B区,各选取1~2所小学3~5年级学生进行健康影响问卷调查。采用Fisher确切概率法和卡方检验、多因素logistic回归分析对结果进行统计分析。结果 A区小学生鼻腔症状(35.0%)、流鼻血(5.1%)、打喷嚏(17.0%)的发生率分别高于B区(27.7%、1.9%、12.5%)。以空气污染较轻的B区小学生为参照,空气污染较重的A区小学生鼻腔相关症状、流鼻涕、鼻子痒干、鼻塞、流鼻血、打喷嚏等发生的危险性较高,OR值分别为1.478(95%CI:1.096~1.993)、1.161(95%CI:0.831~1.622)、1.565(95%CI:0.858~2.853)、1.710(95%CI:1.073~2.727)、2.797(95%CI:1.227~6.376)和1.727(95%CI:1.160~2.571)。结论空气污染水平与小学生健康状况有关,污染水平重会提高疾病和症状发生的危险性。Objective To understand the difference of nasal-related symptoms among primary school students in areas with different levels of air pollution in Nanjing.Methods The stratified cluster sampling principle was used,students of grade 3 to 5 from 1 to 2 primary schools were selected to carry out the health impact questionnaire survey in the area A with heavier air pollution and area B with lighter air pollution.Fisher exact test,chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analysis the data.Results For primary school students in area A,the incidence of nasal symptoms(35.0%),nosebleeds(5.1%),sneezing symptoms(17.0%)were higher than those(27.7%,1.9%,12.5%,respectively)in area B.Taking students in area B as reference,the risks of nasal-related symptoms in primary school students were higher than that in area A,with OR values of 1.478(nasal-related symptoms,95%CI:1.096-1.993),1.161(running nose,95%CI:0.831-1.622),1.565(nose itching and dry,95%CI:0.858-2.853),1.710(nasal congestion,95%CI:1.073-2.727),2.797(nasal bleeding,95%CI:1.227-6.376)and 1.727(sneezing,95%CI:1.160-2.571),respectively.Conclusion Air pollution level is associated with the health status of primary school students.Heavy air pollution can increase the risks of diseases and symptoms.

关 键 词：空气污染 小学生 鼻腔 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]