重庆市干旱灾害特征与影响因素及对策建议  

Characteristics,influential factors and countermeasures of drought disasters in Chongqing

作　　者：闫建梅[1] 卢峰 陈明祥 杨成 冯艳 曾侃煜 YAN Jianmei;LU Feng;CHEN Mingxiang;YANG Cheng;FENG Yan;ZENG Kanyu(Chongqing Branch Institute,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Chongqing 400026,China;Chongqing Water Resources Bureau,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院重庆分院,重庆400026 [2]重庆市水利局,重庆401147

出　　处：《人民长江》2018年第7期1-5,10,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2016034/CQ)

摘　　要：采用重庆市1990~2016年旱情、气象、水利工程设施等数据,对重庆市综合旱情等级、旱情经验频率、降水量及距平分布、抗旱基础设施建设情况进行了深入的分析。结果表明:(1)重庆市在1990~2016年的27 a时间里,每年都有不同程度的旱情发生,多年区域平均农业旱情指数为0.54,为中度旱情,多年因旱饮水困难人数为213.73万人,为中度干旱,因旱饮水困难旱情等级、农业旱情等级整体呈逐年减弱的趋势;(2)不同旱情等级出现频率有所不同,轻度、中度、严重、特大干旱的发生频率分别为48.15%,44.45%,3.70%,3.70%,总体来看,重庆市的旱灾易发等级为轻度干旱;(3)造成干旱的原因有气象性、地域性、人为性等多种因素。为应对重庆市干旱灾害,提出主要对策建议:加快水生态文明建设步伐、加大水利工程设施建设、抓好水土保持工程建设、加强信息化工程建设。An in-depth analysis is carried out on comprehensive drought level,drought empirical frequency,precipitation and anomaly distribution and drought-resistant infrastructure construction in Chongqing based on the data of drought,meteorological phenomena,water conservancy facilities from 1990 to 2016.The results showed that:①The drought occurred in different degrees every year from 1990-2016 in Chongqing.The agricultural drought level was medium with the annual average agricultural drought index of 0.54,and the level of drinking difficulty due to drought is also medium with annual 2.1373 million people suffering from drinking difficulty over the years.Meanwhile,the drought's level of drinking water difficulty and agriculture all show a weakening trend year by year.②The frequency of different drought levels is different.The drought frequency of light,moderate,serious and extraordinary severe is 48.15%,44.45%,3.70%,3.70%,respectively.In general,the drought level was light in Chongqing.③The causes of drought are meteorological,regional,man-made and other factors.The main countermeasures of drought disaster are speeding up the pace of water ecological civilization construction,increasing the quantity of water conservancy facilities and strengthening the construction of soil and water conservation projects and information technology projects.

关 键 词：综合旱情等级 经验频率 降水量 水利工程建设 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]