沼肥施用对成都平原稻麦轮作土壤及作物养分和重金属含量的影响  

Effects of biogas manure application on nutrient and heavy metal content in soil and crop under rice-wheat rotation in Chengdu plain

作　　者：宋三多 刘汉军 刘轶豪 刘武 谭渊 董振寰 唐雪 余秀梅 陈强 欧阳平[2] SONG Sanduo;LIU Hanjun;LIU Yihao;LIU Wu;TAN Yuan;DONG Zhenhuan;TANG Xue;YU Xiumei;CHEN Qiang;OU Yangping(College of Resource,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Center,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川省农业厅成都土壤肥料测试中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《生态科学》2018年第1期35-41,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B18);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0044)

摘　　要：为研究沼肥施用对成都平原稻麦轮作土壤及作物养分、重金属含量的影响,试验共设置6种不同施肥处理,包括沼肥低量(BL)、沼肥中量(BM)、沼肥高量(BH)、沼氮混施(BN)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)及不施肥(CK)处理,分析了不同处理土壤养分和重金属含量、作物秸秆、籽粒养分和重金属含量。试验结果表明:与不施肥相比,沼肥显著增加了土壤、作物养分含量。其中,土壤全氮、有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量变幅分别为1.19—1.45 g·kg^(–1)、17.65 g·kg^(–1)—33.38 g·kg^(–1)、24.69—50.87 mg·kg^(–1)、12.35—19.78 mg·kg^(–1)、6.24—27.07 mg·kg^(–1)、62.81—90.08 mg·kg^(–1);同时,施沼肥显著提高了作物秸秆全氮、全磷、全钾含量。尽管施用沼肥土壤重金属含量有所增加,但未造成污染,不同处理土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn含量分别为0.191—0.334 mg·kg^(–1)、34.128—89.850 mg·kg^(–1)、11.071—17.148 mg·kg^(–1)、31.342—46.658 mg·kg^(–1)和99.808—145.475mg·kg^(–1),符合《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)二级标准值;小麦及水稻籽粒中未检测出Cd,其Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn含量变幅分别为0.151—0.392 mg·kg^(–1)、3.206—5.181 mg·kg^(–1)、0.078—0.144 mg·kg^(–1)、22.242—41.825 mg·kg^(–1),均低于《国家食品重金属含量》(NY861-2004)限制标准值。综上,沼氮混施(BN)处理可增加作物产量,提高土壤肥力,且不会造成重金属含量超标,是成都平原稻麦轮作区适宜的施肥方案。In order to reveal the effects of biogas manure application on soil and crop nutrient and heavy metal content of rice-wheat rotation system in Chengdu plain,the field experiment included six fertilizer treatments,i.e.,low amount of biogas manure(BL),medium quantity of biogas manure(BM),high quantity of biogas manure(BH),biogas manure combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer(BN),chemical fertilizer(NPK),and no fertilizer treatment(CK)were carried out;and the soil total nitrogen,available P,available K,organic matter,Cd,Cr(III),Pb,Cu and Zn in soil,crop and grain were determined respectively.The results showed that the addition of biogas manure and fertilizer significantly increased the soil organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium,and the content ranged from 1.19-1.45 g·kg–1,17.65 g·kg–1-33.38 g·kg–1,24.69-50.87 mg·kg–1,12.35-19.73 mg·kg–1,6.24-27.07 mg·kg–1 and 62.81-90.08 mg·kg–1,respectively.Meanwhile,application of biogas manure could improve the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium of wheat and rice straw.Application of fertilizer,including biogas manure,increased the content of heavy metal,which did not result in the heavy metal pollution.The soil Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn contents ranged from 0.191-0.334 mg·kg–1,34.128-89.850 mg·kg–1,11.071-17.148 mg·kg–1,31.342-46.658 mg·kg–1 and 99.808-145.475 mg·kg–1,respectively,which were lower than the second level of soil environment quality standard(GB15618-1995).Simultaneously,Cd was not detected in wheat or rice grains,and the contents of Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn ranged from 0.151-0.392 mg·kg–1,3.206-5.181 mg·kg–1,0.078-0.144 mg·kg–1 and 22.242-41.825 mg·kg–1,respectively,which were lower than the state food and heavy metal content restrict standard for grain(NY861-2004).In conclusion,fertilizer treatment of biogas manure combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer(BN)could increase crop yield,improve the soil fertility,and would result in heavy met

关 键 词：沼肥 稻麦轮作 土壤与作物养分 重金属 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]