从“玉石之路”到“茶马古道”:论丝绸之路青海道的演变及其意义  

From “the Jade Road” to “the Tea Horse Ancient Road”:A study on the Evolution about Qinghai Silk Road and its significances

作　　者：刘立云 Liu Liyun(Faculty of Development and Revolution,Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Cultural Industry and Modern Communication Research, Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences,Shaanxi,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学中国发展和改革研究院,北京100081 [2]陕西省社会科学院文化产业与现代传播研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《西藏研究》2018年第1期126-134,共9页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：西藏民族大学"西藏文化传承发展协同创新中心"招标课题(项目编号:XT-ZB201705)阶段性成果

摘　　要：青藏高原的青海、西藏地区历史上曾是丝绸之路关键经往地带及区域文明中心。丝绸之路青海道初创于史前,约形成于东周时期。历经先秦、两汉、魏晋南北朝、唐、宋元及明清的不同历史时期,曾先后以"玉石之路(穆王道)""羌中道""吐谷浑道""青藏道"等命名,其延长线"河湟道""西蜀道""唐蕃道"等亦是各族相互通使、进贡、赦敕、经商而形成的往来通道。明清时期,"青藏道"抵达河州后,经过"康藏道"西路而与其联系在一起;"康藏道"本身又是"南方丝绸之路"的重要组成部分。由此,南北丝绸之路、长江与黄河经济带联为一体。鉴于青海道与丝绸之路的"特殊性和互联性",追溯考释丝绸之路青海道的发展演变,特别是明清时期陕西商帮在"青藏道""康藏道"的经商足迹,以史为鉴,可为当前"一带一路"背景下的西部省际跨域经济发展给予现实启示。The Qinghai and Tibet areas in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau were the key areas on Silk Road and the center of regional civilization.Qinghai Silk Road established in prehistory,and formed in the Eastern Zhou dynasty.It has experienced different historical periods,including the pre Qin,Han,Wei,Jin,northern and Southern Dynasties,Tang,Song and Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,and respectively named with‘Jade Road’,‘Qiang Road’,‘Tu-yuhun Road’and‘Qinghai Tibet Road’.Besides,its extension lines such as‘He-huang Road’,‘Western Sichuan Road’,‘Tang and Tibet Road’were all mutually passageways served as envoy visiting,tribute paying,pardon and trade.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Qinghai Tibet Road arrived in the He-zhou,which was linked by‘Sichuan Tibet Road’,and the latter itself became an important part of the Southern Silk Road.Thus,the Northwestern Silk Road and the Southern Silk Road,the Yangtze River and the Yellow River economical belts join as a whole.In view of the‘particularity and interconnectedness’between the Qinghai Road and the Silk Road,looking back on the development of Qinghai Silk Road evolution,especially Shaanxi businessmen footprints during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,so as to provide more historical bases for‘communication’between Qinghai and the mainland since ancient times,especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,also provide references to the Western provincial development under the background of The Belt and Road Initiative in China.

关 键 词：丝绸之路 青海道 茶马古道 陕商 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]