池沼公鱼的两性异形与雌性个体生育力  

The Fecundity of Sexual Size Dimorphism and Female Individuals of Hypomesus olidus

作　　者：林植云 陆君 姚唐春 丁国骅[4] LIN Zhiyun;LU Jun;YAO Tangchun;DING Guohua(Xiandu Secondary School,Jinyun 321401,Zhejiang;Water Conservancy Bureau of Lishui City,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang;Management Office of Jinyun Dayang Reservoir,Jinyun 321412,Zhejiang;Faculty of Ecology,Lishui University,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]缙云县仙都中学,浙江缙云321401 [2]丽水市水利局,浙江丽水323000 [3]缙云县大洋水库工程管理处,浙江缙云321412 [4]丽水学院生态学院,浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《丽水学院学报》2018年第2期40-47,共8页Journal of Lishui University

基　　金：丽水市科技重点研发计划项目"丽水市黄村水库饮用水源地蓝藻预防;预警和科学治理"(20150406);丽水市科技局山海合作项目"丽水市山地药用脊柱动物资源的开发与利用"(SH2017001)

摘　　要：检测了池沼公鱼Hypomesus olidus(Pallas,1814)20个形态特征的两性异形以及雌性个体生育力。结果表明,池沼公鱼雌雄比例符合1:1。单因子方差分析显示雌雄成体体长差异不显著。以体长为协变量的单因子协方差分析显示,特定体长的雌性个体的体重、体高、头长、背鳍基前距、腹鳍基前距、腹鳍臀鳍间距大于雄性个体,但背鳍基长、背鳍间距、胸鳍长和去内脏体重小于雄性个体,其它局部特征不存在显著的两性差异。10个形态特征变量的主成分分析发现,前3个主成分共解释60.1%的变异。腹鳍基前距在第一主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释24.7%变异),体重、去内脏体重和体高在第二主成分有较高的正负载系数(解释20.3%变异),背鳍基长在第三主成分有较高的负负载系数(解释15.1%变异)。雌性在各个主成分的分值均显著大于雄性。实验检测雌性个体怀卵数量与体长和体重均呈正相关回归关系显著。体长、体重和怀卵数量的偏相关分析显示,怀卵数量与体重呈正相关,怀卵数量与体长相关不显著。研究结果显示池沼公鱼中生育力选择驱使雌性个体向较大的腹腔容量方向进化。池沼公鱼两性异形的形成还可能受性选择和生态位选择等因素的影响。We measured the sexual size dimorphism in nineteen morphological traits and female individual fecundity of Hypomesus olidus collected from Jinyun(Zhejiang,eastern China).It had been found that the sex ratio of the fish was 1:1.One-way ANOVA showed body length of both sexes was not different.One-way ANCOVA with body length as a covariate showed that body mass,body depth,head length dorsal fin precoxal length,pelvic fin precoxal length and length between pelvic fin and anal fin in females with special body length were all larger than in males,but dorsal fin coxal length,length between dorsal fin and caudal fin,pectoral fin length and carcass mass smaller than in males.A principal component analysis resolved three components with eigenvalues≥1 from ten morphological variables,accounting for 60.1%of variation in the original data.The first component(24.7%variance explained)had high positive loading for values of pelvic fin precoxal length.The second component(20.3%variance explained)had high positive loading for values of body mass,carcass mass and body depth.The third component(15.1%variance explained)had high positive loading for values of dorsal fin coxal length.Females had higher scores on the three axes of a principal component analysis than did males.The individual fecundity was positive correlated with the body length and body mass in H.olidus.Partial correlation analysis among body length,body mass and individual fecundity showed that body mass,but not body length was positively related to individual fecundity.The fertility selection drives H.olidus females to evolve toward larger abdominal cavity volume.Based on our data,the formation of sexual dimorphism in H.olidus is also likely to be subjected to the influence of sexual selection and niche selection.

关 键 词：池沼公鱼 两性异形 性选择 生育力 

分 类 号：Q954.3[生物学—动物学]