基于纳米材料的气凝胶制备及应用  

A Survey on Preparation and Application of Aerogels Based on Nanomaterials

作　　者：管庆顺 李建[1] 宋如愿 徐朝阳 吴伟兵[1] 景宜[1] 戴红旗[1] 房桂干[3] GUAN Qingshun;LI Jian;SONG Ruyuan;XU Zhaoyang;WU Weibing;JING Yi;DAI Hongqi;FANG Guigan(Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;　College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Nanjing 210042)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,江苏省制浆造纸科学与技术重点实验室,江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [3]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《材料导报》2018年第3期384-390,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31370583;31470599;31770607);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2017YFD0601005);2017年江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20171450)

摘　　要：气凝胶是一种三维多孔材料,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、密度低等特性。以纳米材料构筑气凝胶可进一步调控孔隙结构、改善机械强度,同时还能赋予气凝胶高导电性、低热导率、高吸附性和隔音吸声等特性,在储能、保温隔热、吸附材料等领域有重要的应用。重点对近年以纳米颗粒、纳米纤维素、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯等不同形态纳米材料构筑的气凝胶的制备、结构、性能和应用进行了综述,同时展望了气凝胶的发展前景与方向。Aerogels possess the characteristics of high porosity,large specific surface area and low density because of their consecutive 3D network and porous structure.Fabricating aerogels with nanomaterials can improve the porous structure and mechanical strength,and further endue aerogels with special features including high conductivity,low heat conductivity,high adsorption capacity,good sound insulation,etc.Therefore,aerogels based on nanomaterials have significant applications in the fields of energy storage,thermal insulation and materials adsorption.This review summarizes the fabrication,structure,properties and applications of aerogels based on nanomaterials with various morphology including nanoparticles,nanocelluloses,carbon nanofibers,carbon nanotubes and graphene in recent years.Finally,the future development of aerogels based on nanomaterials is pointed out.

关 键 词：气凝胶 纳米材料 比表面积 吸附 导电性 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]