红外吸收光谱快速评估脲甲醛肥效的可行性  

Feasibility of Rapid Evaluation of Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizer by Infrared Spectroscopy

作　　者：刘兴斌 王月 韩晓日 马宾 LIU Xing-bin;WANG Yue;HAN Xiao-ri;MA Bin(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang　110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2018年第3期750-755,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B03);国家自然科学基金项目(41602363)资助

摘　　要：目前国内外对脲甲醛肥料肥效的快速评价方法均采用基于脲甲醛水溶性的活度系数法,但不同国家和地区具体的操作规程和技术指标不尽相同,究其原因在于活度系数法的局限性。脲甲醛肥料的养分释放速率与脲甲醛结构有直接的关系,与其在不同温度水溶液中的溶解性没有直接关联,因此从脲甲醛结构入手研究其养分释放更为合理。通过考察傅里叶变换红外光谱评估不同水分、尿素量和甲醛存放时间三个因素下尿素与甲醛产物结构的可行性,以寻求一种新的脲甲醛肥效评价方法。研究了不同反应条件下产物红外吸收光谱图、产物生成量和酸性环境下不同尿素加入量反应产物养分释放间的关系。谱图能够反映出反应过程中不同的水分和尿素加入量及甲醛存放时间对特征基团吸收峰相对强弱产生的细微变化,通过这些变化可以判断脲甲醛组成变化。这些判断能够从产物的量得到印证,同时土培试验的结果也进一步证实通过红外谱图判断的正确性。以上研究结果表明用红外吸收光谱研究脲甲醛结构的细微变化是可行的,如果将脲甲醛红外光谱的细微变化与其在土壤中养分释放情况间建立起相应的数学模型,将为脲甲醛肥料肥效准确、快速评估提供一个新的手段。At present,the rapid evaluation methods of urea formaldehyde fertilizer(UFF)efficiency are based on the activity coefficient method of urea formaldehyde(UF)water solubility,but the specific operating rules and technical indexes aredifferent in different countries and regions because of activity coefficient method limitation.The nutrient release rate of UFF is directly related to the structure of UF,which is not directly related to its solubilityinaqueous solution at different temperatures.Therefore,it is more reasonable to study the nutrient release from UF structure.In this study,we investigatedthe feasibility of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)to evaluate the structure of UF under different factors of water content,urea content and formaldehyde storage time,so as to find a new UFF evaluation method.We investigated the relationship between the infrared absorption spectra of the product under different reaction conditions,the amount of product produced and the nutrient release of the reaction product of different urea in the acidic environment.It can be seen from the research results that the spectrum can reflect the change of water and urea addition and the change of formaldehyde storage time on the relative strength of the absorption peak of the characteristic group of UF.Through these changes,the change of UF composition can be judged.These judgments can be confirmed from the amount of the product,and the results of the soil culture experiments were further confirmed by the infrared spectrum to determine the correctness.The above results showed that it was feasible to study the fine change of UF structure by infrared absorption spectroscopy.If the mathematical model was established between the fine changes of urea formaldehyde infraredspectrum and UF nutrient release in the soil,a new means to assessment UFF fertilizer efficiency would be provided accurately and rapidly.

关 键 词：傅里叶变换红外光谱 脲甲醛 脲甲醛肥料 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]