节水灌溉稻田蒸散时空尺度特征及影响因素  

Characteristics and influencing factors of evapotranspiration in water-saving irrigation paddy field on different space-time scales

作　　者：刘笑吟 徐俊增 杨士红[1,2] 李亚威 王乙江[3] 张剑刚 LIU Xiaoyin;XU Junzeng;YANG Shihong;LI Yawei;WANG Yijiang;ZHANG Jiangang(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 2X009%,China;Kunshan Water Conservancy Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision and Water Technology Popularization Station,Kunshan 215300,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点试验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [3]昆山市水利工程质量安全监督和水利技术推广站,江苏昆山215300

出　　处：《水资源保护》2018年第2期42-51,共10页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51579070);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2014B17114);国家重点实验室创新青年学者资助项目(20145027912);江苏省水利科技项目(2015088);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0400103)

摘　　要：为研究节水灌溉稻田蒸散规律和尺度特征及其影响因素的尺度依赖性,用小型蒸渗仪和涡度相关仪分别测量了节水灌溉稻田冠层蒸散量(ETCML)和田间尺度蒸散量(ETEC),分析了ETCML和ETEC的典型日和逐日变化规律,以及在小时和日时间尺度上的影响因素。结果表明:节水灌溉稻田ETCML和ETEC变化规律基本一致,但白天ETCML均大于ETEC,且上午两尺度蒸散量大小和相位差均明显大于下午,夜晚ETCML和ETEC接近0,但ETCML呈正负交替波动。两尺度蒸散量的逐日变化总体上呈先增加后减小,高峰期出现在分蘖后期,抽穗开花期较小。ETCML日均值大于ETEC,比值平均为1.50。净辐射和饱和水汽压差是不同时空尺度蒸散量的显著影响因素,但叶面积指数、空气温度、风速和土壤含水率对不同时空尺度蒸散量的影响不同,具有明显的时空尺度效应。In order to study the characteristics and influencing factors of evapotranspiration in water-saving irrigation paddy field on different space-time scales,the mini-lysimeter and eddy covariance were used to measure the canopy-scale evapotranspiration(ETCML)and field-scale evapotranspiration(ETEC).The typical day and daily variation of ETCML and ETec and influencing factors of ETCML and ETec on hour and day time scales were analyzed.The results show that the change rules of ET(ML and ETec are consistent.But in the daytime,ETCML is greater than￡T ec on both hour and day time scales,and the values and phase differences of ETCML and ETec are greater before noon.In the night,ETCML and are close to 0,and ETCML is alternating positive and negative.Daily variation of evapotranspiration on both scales increases first and then decreases.The peak period of evapotranspiration appears at the late tillering stage and the evapotranspiration is low at the heading and flowering stages.The daily mean value of ETCML is greater than ETec,and the ratio of ETCML and ETec is 1.50.Net radiation and saturated vapor pressure are significant factors affecting the evapotranspiration on different space-time scales.Leaf area index,air temperature,wind speed,and soil moisture content have different influences on the evapotranspiration according to different space-time scales.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 稻田 蒸散量 时空尺度 涡度相关法 小型蒸渗仪 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]