剧变十年间东中欧的左翼政党回潮现象  

The Return of Leftist Parties in Eastern and Central Europe in the Ten Years of Upheaval

作　　者：夏庆宇[1] XIA Qing-yu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学政治学博士后流动站,上海200433

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》2018年第2期8-18,共11页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学后期资助项目(16JHQ025)

摘　　要：东欧的左翼政党能够在东欧剧变发生后不久就再次执政的原因有三:第一,东欧剧变的爆发本身就带有极大的不理性成分,因此在社会度过了剧变的高潮期之后民众会逐渐冷静下来进行理性的反思。经过反思,一部分民众对在短暂的时间内全盘否定存在了四十年左右的旧制度感到惋惜。第二,东欧剧变激进地否定了旧的社会存在,使得既有的社会秩序消失,既有的社会机制停止运转,既有的主要社会机构不再发挥自身的功能,也造成社会功能在同一时间严重丧失,人民的生活也会因此受到负面影响。第三,经济、社会的发展需要在稳定的环境下持续不懈地推进,并不是说一旦换了一种社会制度、经济制度,经济、社会的发展状况就可以一下子提高到一个新水平。东欧剧变抛弃了苏联模式,拥抱了西方模式,但西方模式在短时间内难以建立起来,即便建立起来,东欧国家也难以赶超原本就采取西方模式的西欧国家。这种状况会导致东欧国家的民众对右翼政党的执政现状感到不满。Why can left-wing parties in eastern Europe be able to govern again soon after the upheaval of opposition parties in former communist countries in eastern Europe?In general,the reason has three aspects:first,the outbreak of the upheaval in eastern Europe itself was composed with great irrational compositions,therefore people will gradually calm down and make rational reflection on the process of social upheaval.After reflection,some people bemoan to the fact that the old system,which lasted for 40 years or so,was rejected in a short time.Second,the eastern Europe upheaval radically denied the old social existence,so the existing social order disappeared,the existing social mechanism stopped operation,the existing main institutions of society no longer played its function which also caused many aspects of the social functions to lose severely.All that could affect adversely people's lives.Third,the development of economy and society needs to be promoted in a stable and sustainable environment.It is not possible that a social system,economic system,economic and social development can be raised to a new level at once.Eastern Europe upheaval abandoned the Soviet model,embraced the western model,but the western model in a short period of time is difficult to set up and even it is set up,it is hard for the eastern European countries to catch up with western European countries which had already adopt the western model.Those factors could lead to a backlash against the rule of right-wing parties in eastern Europe.

关 键 词：政党政治 东欧剧变 左翼政党 右翼政党 20世纪80年代末90年代初 

分 类 号：K51[历史地理—历史学]