基于转矩随动控制的风电机组最优发电研究  

Optimal Generator Study Based on Torque Follow-up Control for Wind Turbine

作　　者：娄尧林[1,2] 蔡旭 叶杭冶[2] 何国栋 Lou Yaolin;Cai Xu;Ye Hangye;He Guodong(Wind Power Research Center School of Electrical Information and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240 China;State Key Lab of Wind Power System Zhejiang Windey Co.Ltd,Hangzhou 310012 China;State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240 China)

机构地区：[1]风力发电研究中心(上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院),上海200240 [2]风力发电系统国家重点实验室(浙江运达风电股份有限公司),杭州310012 [3]海洋工程国家重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海200240

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2018年第8期1884-1893,共10页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAA06B01)

摘　　要：提高变速变桨风电机组的能效转化率是风电机组整机设计人员追求的重要目标。大型商业化机组中,通常采用转速-转矩查表法来实现最佳叶尖速比跟踪。由于受到发电机最小并网转速与额定转速的约束,查表法在这两个边界转速上,只能采用斜率较大的过渡曲线来表征转矩与转速的对应关系,这影响了输出功率的平稳性,缩短了最佳叶尖速区,减少了机组的发电量。提出一种转矩随动发电机转速变化的风电机组最优发电控制实现方法:在全风速运行范围内,基于一个统一比例积分(PI)转速转矩控制器,根据发电机转速,动态设定输出转矩限值的方法。该方法可解决风速的不可测量性、风速变化不可跟踪性等难题,实现额定风速以下最大风能捕获的控制目标。仿真分析与现场测试结果表明,该算法具有良好的稳定性与动态性能,提升了机组的能效转化率。该控制算法逻辑实现简单,易于风电行业控制器推广,有较高的实际工程意义。It is always an essential objective for designers to enhance the energy efficiency of variable-speed,pitch-regulated wind turbines.The speed-torque look-up table is commonly adopted to achieve the optimal tip-speed ratio tracking in large-scale commercialized wind turbines.Because of the constraints of the grid connection speed and rated speed of generator,only big slope transition curves can be used to characterize the relationship between torque and speed in the boundary speed of the look-up table.Nevertheless,this method affects the stability of the output power,shortens the optimal tip speed,and reduces energy yield.This paper presents an optimal control strategy with torque following the variation of generator speed optimally.That is,a unified PI(proportional integral)controller dynamically set the limit of the output torque according to generator speed.The strategy achieves the controlling target of maximal wind energy capture below rated wind speed by solving tricky problems about immeasurability of wind speed and intractability of wind speed variation.Simulation analysis and field test demonstrate that the algorithm has good stability and dynamic performance,which improves the energy efficiency.This control algorithm is easy to be realized and popularized in wind energy industry;accordingly,it has high practical engineering significance.

关 键 词：最大风能捕获 最佳叶尖速比 转矩随动控制 比例积分控制器 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]