甲醛降解功能菌的分离鉴定及降解特性  

Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Strains Able to Degrade Formaldehyde and their Degrading Characteristics

作　　者：张明 王洁 孙珮石 申艳萍 张艮林 邹平 毕晓伊 Zhang Ming;Wang Jie;Sun Peishi;Shen Yanping;Zhang Genlin;Zou Ping;Bi Xiaoyi(School of Architecture and Planning,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University, Kunming 650091,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学建筑与规划学院,云南昆明650091 [2]云南大学生态学与环境学院,云南昆明650091 [3]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650091 [4]云南大学材料科学与工程学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2018年第2期65-70,共6页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51268058);云南大学人才引进与培养计划(C6176102)资助

摘　　要：在小型实验填料塔内长满生物膜的陶粒上,以甲醛为唯一碳源和能源,分离纯化出具有降解甲醛能力的菌株,为后期研究生物降解甲醛的机理提供菌种来源。文章采用环境微生物研究方法,生理生化实验及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌种鉴定和分类;通过单因素(pH、接种量、甲醛浓度)实验,研究各因素对菌株降解甲醛的影响并以筛选出的菌株进行挂膜,建立新的填料塔系统。实验从填料塔内筛选出了两株甲醛降解菌,并分别命名为P_1、Q_1;经序列鉴定再结合菌落形态特征及生理生化实验,菌株P_1属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),Q_1属于甲基营养菌属(Methylobacterium)。在含甲醛浓度300 mg/L的培养基中,相同培养条件下,菌株P_1在44 h内的甲醛降解率为92.8%,而菌株Q_1在28 h内的甲醛降解率为97.9%;当甲醛初始浓度<700 mg/L时,菌株P_1、Q_1均能够完全降解溶液中的甲醛且菌株Q_1对较高浓度的甲醛耐受性好。两种混合的甲醛降解功能菌对甲醛气体净化效率可达99%以上,甲醛生化去除量于21 d后保持在16 mg/(L·h),表明填料塔的甲醛降解功能菌群挂膜成功,且填料塔对甲醛废气具有良好的净化效果。Bacteria strains capable to degrade and metabolize formaldehyde were isolated from the ceramsite covered with biofilm in the packing tower by taking formaldehyde as a sole carbon source and energy,with the aim at providing strain sources for the further study of the mechanism of formaldehyde biodegradation.Environmental microbial analysis,physiological and biochemical tests,and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis were used to identify and classify the strains.Single factor experiment was adopted to evaluate the effects of various parameters including pH,biomass,concentration of formaldehyde on formaldehyde degradation and hang cell membranes onto the screened strains to establish a new packing tower system.Two selected strains were named P 1 and Q 1 and isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp.and Methylobacterium sp.respectively.When the concentration of formaldehyde in the culture medium was 300 mg/L,under the same cultural conditions,92.8%of formaldehyde was degraded by strain P 1 within 44 h,and 97.9%degraded by strain Q 1 within 28 h.When the original concentration of formaldehyde was below 700 m/L,formaldehyde was degraded by strain P 1 and strain Q 1 completely,and strain Q 1 was well tolerated in a higher concentration of formaldehyde.Furthermore,the removal efficiency of formaldehyde by the two mixed bacteria strains reached to more than 99%.After 21 days,the formaldehyde removal amount remained at 16 mg/(L·h),indicating that the packing tower grew well with a higher purification effect.

关 键 词：甲醛 假单胞菌属 甲基营养菌属 降解特性 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]