CRISPR/Cas9系统在昆虫中的应用  

Applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insects

作　　者：童晓玲[1,2] 方春燕 盖停停 石津 鲁成[1,2] 代方银[1,2] Xiaoling Tong;Chunyan Fang;Tingting Gai;Jin Shi;Cheng Lu;Fangyin Dai(State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,College of Biotechnology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学,家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]西南大学生物技术学院,农业部蚕桑生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《遗传》2018年第4期266-278,共13页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(编号:2013AA102507),国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31472153,31372379)和现代农业产业技术体系专项(编号:CARS-18)资助

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9)技术是一种RNA引导的基因组靶向编辑技术,能对基因组序列进行精确编辑,在探究基因功能、修复受损基因、沉默有害基因、改良品质性状等方面具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,随着对CRISPR/Cas9系统研究的不断深入和改造,该系统以其操作简易、省时、高效等优点在生物学研究的众多领域中得以推广和应用,特别是在果蝇(Bombyx mori)、家蚕(silkworm)、埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)和蝴蝶(butterfly)等多种昆虫中。本文概述了CRISPR/Cas9的结构、作用原理及发展优化,总结了CRISPR/Cas9导入昆虫的策略和在昆虫中的应用,以及对CRISPR/Cas9系统产生脱靶问题的应对策略,以期对经济昆虫和有益昆虫的分子育种、害虫的生物技术防控等研究提供参考。The CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated)system guides Cas9 to specific genomic locations by a short RNA search string.This technology enables the systematic interrogation of mammalian genome editing,repairing damaged genes,silencing harmful genes and improving quality traits.In recent years,with the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for easy,fast and efficient genetic modification,it has been possible to conduct meaningful functional studies in a broad array of insect species,such as Drosophila,Bombyx mori,Aedes aegypti and butterflies et al.In this review,we summarize the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in different insect species,discuss methods for its promotion,and consider its application for future insect studies.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑 昆虫 应用 

分 类 号：Q789[生物学—分子生物学] Q96