盐胁迫对花生植株形态建成及物质积累的影响  

Effects of Salt Stress on Plant Morphogenesis and Matter Accumulation of Peanut

作　　者：慈敦伟[1] 杨吉顺[1] 丁红[1] 秦斐斐[1] 石程仁 戴良香[1] 张智猛[1] CI Dun-wei;YANG Ji-shun;DING Hong;QIN Fei-fei;SHI Cheng-ren;DAI Liang-xiang;ZHANG Zhi-meng(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2018年第1期11-18,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省农业科学院青年科研基金(2014QNM06);国家自然科学基金(31771732);山东省重点研发计划(2016ZDJS10A02);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04-03);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家(花生)(SDAIT-04-06);青岛市民生计划(17-3-3-56-nsh)

摘　　要：通过不同浓度盐胁迫对花生种子萌发出苗、幼苗植株形态建成和物质积累的影响,探究各指标与盐胁迫浓度间的关系,为建立花生品种耐盐评价体系及指导盐碱地花生生产提供理论依据。通过选用豫花15、花育25、阜花11和冀花5号四个花生品种,设0、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.50%和0.55%六个盐胁迫浓度,采用盆栽土培试验方法模拟自然盐碱地状况,研究不同浓度盐胁迫对花生出苗、幼苗形态和物质积累的影响。盐胁迫抑制花生出苗,阻碍幼苗植株形态建成和物质积累,且存在剂量效应。随盐胁迫浓度的增加,出苗时间延长,出苗率降低,胚轴伸长,子叶物质消耗减少,物质积累减少。显著性分析结果表明,不同盐胁迫浓度间出苗时间、出苗率、株高、主茎高、主根长、根体积、叶片数、子叶鲜干重、地上部鲜干重、地下部鲜干重和植株鲜干重等15个指标差异显著;品种间主根长、根体积、叶片数、子叶鲜重、地下部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部干重和植株干重等8个指标差异显著;根体积、叶片数、植株鲜重、地上部干重和植株干重等5个指标浓度与品种互作效应差异显著。各品种在同一指标不同盐胁迫浓度或相同胁迫浓度不同指标间的耐盐性存在差异。阜花11耐盐性相对较强而豫花15相对较弱。各指标耐盐指数与盐胁迫浓度间可用Logistic回归方程y=k/(1+exp(a+bx))进行拟合,其决定系数在0.3718~0.9436之间,均达显著或极显著水平,可有效表达花生生育前期相关耐盐指标与土壤盐含量间的量化关系。花生出苗的盐含量阈值为0.45%,超过此浓度不能出苗。相对出苗时间、相对株高、相对主茎高、相对根体积、相对叶片数、相对子叶干重、相对地上部鲜干重、相对地下部鲜干重和相对植株鲜干重等12个指标均可作为综合评价花生品种耐盐性的理想指标。The objective of this study is to explore the relationship of salt tolerant indices and stress concentrations according to the effects of salt stress on peanut emergence,seedling morphology and matter accumulation,establish a method on evaluation of salt tolerance of peanut cultivars,and provide the theory evidence for peanut produce under saline soil.Cultivars of Yuhua15,Huayu25,Fuhua11 and Jihua5 were separately exposed under salt concentration of 0,0.15%,0.30%,0.45%,0.50%and 0.55%with the pot culture contained soil to simulate natural saline soil.The effects of salt stress on peanut emergence,seedling morphology and matter accumulation were investigated.Under salt stress,the emergence of peanut was inhibited,and seedling morphogenesis and matter accumulation was hindered.With the increasing concentration,the emergence time was prolonged,emergence rate was decreased,hypocotyl was elongated,cotyledon matter was consumed less,and matter accumulation was less.Analysis of significant test showed that,the indices of emergence time,emergence rate,plant height,stem height,taproot length,root volume,leaf number,cotyledon fresh and dry weight,shoot fresh and dry weight,root fresh and dry weight and plant fresh and dry weight were significantly different among the concentrations.The indices of taproot length,root volume,leaf number,cotyledon fresh weight,shoot dry weight,root fresh and dry weight and plant dry weight were significantly different among the cultivars.The indices of root volume,leaf number,shoot dry weight,and plant fresh and dry weight were significantly different between the interaction effect of concentration and cultivar.There were different among cultivars with the same index under different concentrations or with different indices under the same concentration.The salt tolerance of Fuhua11 was the highest while Yuhua15 was the lowest.With a regression model of y=k/(1+exp(a+bx)),the relationship of salt tolerant indices and stress concentrations could be well fitted with coefficient of 0.3718~0.9436,whi

关 键 词：花生 盐胁迫 出苗 植株形态 物质积累 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]