低气压CO_2环境下基于光纤法珀振动传感器的超声声速测试与分析  

Measurement and analysis of ultrasonic speed in the low pressure of CO_2 environment based on the optical fiber Fabry-Perot vibration sensor

作　　者：张景川[1] 杨晓宁[1] 王晶[1] 崔寒茵[2] 李超[2] ZHANG Jingchuan;YANG Xiaoning;WANG Jing;CUI Hanyin;LI Chao(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;State Key Laboratory of Acoustics,Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [2]中国科学院声学研究所声场声信息国家重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2018年第8期172-179,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2013YQ030915)

摘　　要：为了分析超声传感技术在火星大气环境下应用的可行性,提出了一种低气压CO_2环境下基于光纤法珀振动传感器的超声声速测试方法,搭建了一套低气压气体超声声速测量试验系统,可实现不同成分(空气、CO_2)气体压力从600 Pa^1 MPa分阶段可调,并基于光纤法珀振动传感器开展了不同气体组分、不同压力、不同距离下中心频率分别为21,25,34与40 k Hz的高精度声速测量试验,通过理论计算与试验结果表明:膜片式光纤法珀振动传感器在600 PaCO_2气体中仍然可以接收到超声信号,在气体温、湿度不变条件下,超声传播速度与压力、频率无关,与气体成分有关;在15℃环境下,各频率超声信号在600 Pa^1 MPa气体压力范围内,测量平均声速在CO_2环境下为268.79 m/s,低于空气环境的336.18 m/s;获得了15℃,600 PaCO_2气体试验条件下,超声传播速度约为271.51 m/s。Aiming at the feasibility of the ultrasonic sensing technology applied in the mars environment,a measurement method of ultrasonic velocity in the low pressure of CO2 environment based on the optical fiber Fabry-Perot vibration sensor was proposed.An ultrasonic velocity test system has been designed and implemented.The pressure in the chamber was adjusted from 600 Pa to 1 MPa with different intervals,using four pairs of piezoelectric actuators and sensors,with central frequencies being 21,25,34,and 40 kHz respectively,and was applied to generate ultrasonic signals.The experimental results show that,the optical fiber Fabry-Perot(F-P)pressure sensor can adapt to the low pressure environment and can still receive the ultrasonic signals in 600 Pa CO2 environment.The ultrasonic velocity rarely varies with the pressure in the range from 600 Pa to 1 MPa,while it depends on the composition of the gas and the temperature.The ultrasonic velocity in atmosphere is 336.18 m/s,which is travel faster than in CO2 environment 268.79 m/s,and the ultrasonic velocity in 15℃,600 Pa CO2 environment is 271.51 m/s.

关 键 词：超声声速 低气压CO2环境 光纤法珀振动传感器 

分 类 号：TB754[一般工业技术—真空技术] TM503.5[电气工程—电器]