低压缩扩形喷嘴空化射流数值模拟及试验研究  

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Cavitation Jet of Low-pressure Converging Expanding Nozzle

作　　者：奉虎 杨永印[2] 王艳涛[1] 冯丰 王亮[1] 谷万囤 Feng Hu;Yang Yongyin;Wang Yantao;Feng Feng;Wang Liang;Gu Wiintun(Offshore Oil Engineering Co.,Ltd.;School of Petroleum,Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Huadong))

机构地区：[1]海洋石油工程股份有限公司 [2]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院

出　　处：《石油机械》2018年第4期55-59,共5页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：海洋石油工程股份有限公司对外技术协作项目"埕北油田设备设施升级改造项目关键技术研究与应用"(Z16WXEN00045)

摘　　要：针对水力喷射式海底挖沟所用锥形喷嘴冲蚀挖沟效率低等问题,基于理论分析,设计了缩扩形空化射流喷嘴。数值模拟结果发现,该喷嘴在低压1.5 MPa喷嘴压降下可以使淹没射流空化,空化发生的区域主要在扩张段。冲蚀试验揭示了喷嘴扩张段的长度对射流冲蚀效果的影响。1.5 MPa下冲蚀砂样试验结果表明:当喷嘴喉部长度为3倍喷嘴直径、扩张角为30°、扩张段长度为4倍喷嘴直径时,射流冲蚀效果最佳,试验条件下比其他3种缩扩形喷嘴的冲蚀深度及宽度分别提高125%和75%,对比锥形喷嘴分别提高73%和280%。研究结果为空化射流应用于海底挖沟提高效率提供了理论依据。In view of the low erosion trenching efficiency of cone-shaped nozzle used in hydro-jet trenching,based on the theoretical analysis,a converging and expanding cavitation jet nozzle was designed.Numerical simulation results show that the nozzle can make the submerged jet cavitation under the pressure drop of 1.5 MPa.The cavitation occured mainly in the expanding section.The erosion test revealed the influence of the nozzle^s expanding section length on the jet erosion effect.The test result of the eroded sand sample under 1.5 MPa showed that given the nozzle throat length of 3 times the nozzle diameter,the expansion angle of 30°,and the expanding section length of 4 times the nozzle diameter,the jet erosion effect is the best.Given the same test condition,the optimal nozzle is better than the other 3 converging and expanding nozzles with the erosion depth and width increased by 125%and 75%respectively,and has a increased erosion depth and width by 7 3%and 280%,respectively,compared with the conial nozzle.The study results provide a basis for the application of cavitation jet to improve the efficiency of seabed trenching.

关 键 词：缩扩形喷嘴 空化射流 数值模拟 冲蚀试验 喷嘴 结构参数 

分 类 号：TE973[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]