碱胁迫条件下皇竹草和玉米的适应性研究  

Study on the adaptability of Hybrid Giant Napier grass (Pennisetum hydridum) and Zea mays to alkaline stress

作　　者：马崇坚[1] 陈小娟 黎华寿[2] MA Chong-jian;CHEN Xiao-juan;LI Hua-shou(Henry School of Agricultural Science&Engineering,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics,Ministry of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Rural Environment in Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院英东农业科学与工程学院,广东韶关512005 [2]华南农业大学农业部热带农业重点开放实验室/广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2018年第1期57-63,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2014A030307017);国家自然科学基金(41073059)

摘　　要：赤泥为强碱性铝工业废渣,其处置及综合利用问题突出,相关的植物修复机制的研究缺乏。通过观测不同的碱性土壤中皇竹草和玉米的生长情况及生理指标差异,探究碱胁迫下皇竹草及玉米的适应性差异及可能的机理。结果表明:植物种植后碱性土壤的pH值显著降低,经过皇竹草60d的生长后,赤泥的p H值从9.49下降到9.25。在不同的碱性土壤中,皇竹草的生长情况优于玉米,皇竹草的生长速率及其产量均显著高于同等情况下的玉米,其中产量高50%以上,表现出更强的生命力。相比于玉米而言,受到碱胁迫后的皇竹草,均会在移栽后2d左右迅速产生更多的脯氨酸和可溶性糖参与抵御胁迫,表现出更强的碱胁迫抵抗能力。因此,皇竹草能在碱性土壤下具有较强的生长及抗逆能力,可在碱性环境治理等方面推广应用。Red muds are highly alkaline residuces,their disposal and reclamation,have been a worldwide challenge due to lack of basic research.By comparing growth and physiological indicator of the Hybrid Giant Napier grass(HGN)and Zea mays(ZM)under different alkali stress,the adaptability of HGN and possible mechanism of alkaline tolerance in HGN and Zm had been investigated.It showed that the soil pH value could reduce after planting.Especially,the soil pH decreased from 9.49 to 9.49 about 60 days after planting.HGN had stronger tolerance to alkaline.The results showed HGN had a stronger vitality in the alkaline soil,and the growth characteristics,growth rate and yield of HGN were significantly higher than ZM.Otherwise,the yield of HGN were higher than ZM up to 50%.Our results showed HGN had a higher capacity to synthesize praline and soluble sugar than Zm,both of which were effective alkaline to leance indices,2 days after planting.Therefore,HGN is one of the most promising red muds phytoremediation plants that have a faster growth rate under alkaline stress condition.

关 键 词：皇竹草 碱胁迫 抗逆性 赤泥 脯氨酸 

分 类 号：S152.3[农业科学—土壤学]