渤海鱼类群落结构关键种  

Keystone species of fish community structure in the Bohai Sea

作　　者：李忠义[1,2,3] 吴强 单秀娟[1,2,3] 杨涛 戴芳群[1,2,3] 金显仕 LI Zhongyi;WU Qiang;SHAN Xiujuan;YANG Tao;DAI Fangqun;JIN Xianshi(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266235,China;Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266235 [3]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2018年第2期229-236,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2015CB453303);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划(2015ASKJ02);农业部公益性行业科研专项(2013030503);农业部黄渤海渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站和山东省泰山学者工程专项.

摘　　要：基于2012—2016年每年8月渤海鱼类资源量底拖网调查数据,对鱼类群落进行了CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS标序,根据组间差异种和组内相似种年际贡献率,筛选鱼类群落结构关键种,结果显示:(1)在29.93%~35.69%的相似性水平上,2012—2016年各年度渤海鱼类群落分组情况良好,相应MDS系数都小于0.2。(2)2012—2016年渤海鱼类组间种类组成差异都极显著(P=0.001),贡献组间80%累积差异性,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,4个年度共有的种有鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、3个年度共有的种有黄鲫(Setipinna taty);组间差异性贡献率大于10%,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,3个年度共有种仅有鳀,2个年度共有种仅有黄鲫。(3)贡献2012–2016年渤海鱼类群落组内相似性80%累积贡献率,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,2个年度共有的种有鳀、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta);组内相似性贡献率大于10%,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,3个年度共有种有鳀,2个年度共有种有矛尾虾虎鱼和矛尾复虾虎鱼。(4)依据2012—2016年渤海鱼类群落结构相似性与差异性中各鱼种累积贡献率和单贡献率的大小和出现频率,推断鳀是渤海鱼类群落结构的首要关键种,其次为黄鲫,然后是矛尾虾虎鱼和矛尾复虾虎鱼。这4种鱼的站位平均资源量对中上层鱼类及底层鱼类站位平均资源量的比例及相关性和回归性,以及年度的优势度指数也证实上述关键种观点。综上所述,渤海鱼类群落结构首要关键种为鳀,其次为黄鲫,渤海鱼类关键种的研究可为渤海捕捞产业的调整和渔业资源的养护提供科学依据。This study applied cluster analysis and MDS sequence analysis to catch-rate data of fish species from bottom-trawl surveys in the Bohai Sea in August of 2012 to 2016.We selected keystone species of the fish community in the Bohai Sea,based on the annual contributions of similar species within clusters and different species between various clusters.(1)When the similarity contribution rate ranged from 29.93%to 35.69%,the fish communities in the Bohai Sea were clustered into 7,9,6,5 and 6 groups for 2012–2016 consecutively,with corresponding MDS coefficients equaling 0.16,0.14,0.18,0.15,and 0.17 respectively.(2)There were significant differences(P=0.001)in the species composition of the fish community groups among the five years.The fish species were identified for each year that had cumulatively contributed to about 80%of the difference between community groups and occurred in more than half of the groups.Unfortunately,no common species was identified for all five years.Engraulis japonicus was identified in four years,and Setipinna taty was identified in three years.For species which contributed to more than 10%of the between-groups difference and displayed a more than 50%of occurrence in a year,none occurred in four or five years,only Engraulis japonicas and Setipinna taty occurred in three years.(3)Similarly,the fish species were identified for each year that had cumulatively contributed to about 80%of the difference within groups and occurred in more than half of the groups.No species were common to three or more years.Three species(i.e.Engraulis japonicas,Chaeturichthys stigmatias,and Synechogobius hasta)occurred in two of the five years.For species which had contributed to more than 10%of the within-groups difference and displayed greater than 50%occurrence in a year,no species occurred in more than four years,only Engraulis japonicas occurred in three years,and Chaeturichthys stigmatias and Synechogobius hasta occurred in two years.(4)Based on the annual cumulative or single similarity or difference contrib

关 键 词：渤海 鱼类 群落结构 关键种 资源评估 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]