武汉市妊娠女性血铅筛查需求及影响因素分析  

Demand for Blood Lead Level Screening and Related Factors among Pregnant Women in Wuhan

作　　者：倪泽敏 曾云 李灿 刘淑运 肖启旺 王齐[2] NI Zemin;ZENG Yun;LI Can(Women and Children Medical Center of Jiang'an District,Wuhan,430022,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市江岸区妇幼保健院,湖北武汉430022 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2018年第2期182-184,共3页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：武汉市卫计委资助项目(WG15D20);武汉市江岸区科技局资助项目(2014111904)

摘　　要：目的了解女性妊娠期血铅筛查需求情况,为制定血铅筛查计划和方案提供科学依据。方法选取2015年5-10月到江岸区妇幼保健院、武汉市中心医院妇产科就诊的953名孕妇作为调查对象。自制问卷调查研究对象的一般情况、孕期营养饮食习惯、生活习惯及既往史和血铅筛查需求情况。结果大部分调查对象(97.8%)及配偶(97.7%)既往无职业铅接触史。32.1%和1.5%的调查对象曾在孕前和孕期检测过血铅,其中95.1%检测的是手指血。孕前血铅筛查必要性的影响因素有文化程度(OR=1.945,95%CI=1.008~3.752)、年龄(OR=3.375,95%CI=1.686~6.755)、二手烟(OR=1.648,95%CI=1.028~2.759),孕期血铅筛查必要性的影响因素为年龄(OR=1.875,95%CI=1.131~3.107)、基本不染发(OR=1.319,95%CI=1.104~1.575),哺乳期血铅筛查必要性的影响因素为文化程度(OR=0.821,95%CI=1.100~4.694)。结论武汉市城区妊娠期女性对血铅筛查的需求一般,存在检测血样采集不规范问题,应加强对妊娠女性孕前、孕期、哺乳期血铅筛查必要性的宣传指导;特别是既往有过职业铅暴露的人群应引起医务工作者的警惕。Objective This paper aims to investigate the demand for blood lead level screening among pregnant women,and to provide scientific evidence for decision making in the designing screening plans and proposals.Methods 953 pregnant women received health care services at Women and Children Medical Center of Jiang-An District or The Central Hospital of Wuhan from May 4 th to October 31 st in 2015 were enrolled.A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics,diet,lifestyle and behavioral habits,and blood lead level(BLL)screening demands.Results Most of the subjects(97.8%)and their husbands(97.7%)reported no occupational lead contact history.32.1%of the participants received BLL test before pregnancy and 1.5%during pregnancy,most of them were tested with blood samples taken at fingertips(95.1%).The pregnant aged 26 or above(OR=1.945,95%CI=1.008~3.752),with a higher educational background(OR=3.375,95%CI=1.686~6.755),and second-hand smoking exposure(OR=1.648,95%CI=1.028~2.759)were more likely to accept the BLL screening before pregnancy.Those aged 26 or above(OR=1.875,95%CI=1.131~3.107)and with scarce hair dying history(OR=1.319,95%CI=1.104~1.575)were more likely to accept the BLL screening during pregnancy.And those with a higher educational background(OR=0.821,95%CI=1.100~4.694)were more likely to accept BLL screening during the lactation period.Conclusion The demand status for BLL screening is fairly low among pregnant women in Wuhan.Blood samples are collected with lack of standardization.Education programs should be enforced to promote pregnant women’s awareness of the necessity of BLL screening before and during pregnancy,and lactation,especially for those who had lead exposure history from work.

关 键 词：妊娠女性 血铅筛查 需求分析 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]