新型长方体形囊式空气弹簧垂向动态特性研究  

Vertical dynamic characteristics of cuboid type air springs

作　　者：徐国敏 周炜[1,2] 何琳 帅长庚[1,2] XU Guomin;ZHOU Wei;HE Lin;SHUAI Changgeng(Institute of Noise and Vibration,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration&Noise,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学振动与噪声研究所,武汉430033 [2]船舶振动噪声重点实验室,武汉430033

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2018年第7期247-253,266,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国防科研项目(15218/1052)

摘　　要：空气弹簧是一种刚度可变,同时固有频率基本不随载荷变化的非线性隔振元件。在狭长空间中,长方体形空气弹簧比回转体空气弹簧具有更高的空间利用率。在现有回转体空气弹簧动态特性理论研究基础上,考虑了系统振动频率对多变指数与垂向动态特性的影响,建立了空气弹簧非线性刚度模型,推广了垂向刚度计算公式,并提出概念绝热频率阈值。设计了一种新型长方体形囊式空气弹簧并进行了试验研究,结果与理论预测符合良好。同时通过与商用空气弹簧的动态特性对比,展现了该设计承载能力大、空间适用性高的优点。Air springs are nonlinear vibration isolators with variable stiffness and natural frequency unvarying with loads.Cuboid air springs have a higher space-utilizing rate than conventional rotator air springs do.Here,based on the existing theoretical studies on dynamic characteristics of rotator air springs,considering influences of system natural frequency on polytropic exponent and vertical dynamic characteristics,a nonlinear stiffness model of air springs was established and the vertical stiffness calculation formula was extended.The conceptual adiabatic frequency threshold was proposed.A new cuboid air spring was designed and tested.Test results agreed well with those of theoretical prediction.Compared with the dynamic features of commercial air springs,it was shown that the new designed cuboid air spring has advantages of a larger load-bearing ability and a higher space-utilizing rate.

关 键 词：空气弹簧 垂向刚度 多变指数 有效面积 

分 类 号：O328[理学—一般力学与力学基础]