不同生育期连续调亏灌溉对花生生长及耗水过程的影响  

Response of Growth and Water Consumption at Different Growth Stages of Peanut to Continuous Regulated Deficit Irrigation

作　　者：夏桂敏[1] 张柏纶 胡家齐[1] 吴英楠 佟威[2] 迟道才[1] XIA Gui-min;ZHANG Bai-lun;HU Jia-qi;WU Ying-nan;TONG Wei;CHI Dao-cai(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research in Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110003,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省水利水电科学研究院,沈阳110003

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2018年第2期180-187,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303125)

摘　　要：为缓解辽宁省西北地区水资源匮问题,解决水分亏缺对花生生产带来的负面影响。采用裂区试验设计,研究膜下滴灌条件下花生花针期和结荚期分别设置3个(55%、65%、70%)不同程度的水分亏缺,对其生长性状、产量、耗水过程和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:调亏灌溉对花生地上部分生长具有补偿效应;与无亏处理(H_3J_3,土壤含水率为田间含水率的70%;H表示花针期,J表示结荚期)相比,单生育期调亏处理(H_1J_3,H_2J_3)花生耗水量分别减少297.52m^3·hm^(-2)和256.45m^3·hm^(-2),水分利用效率分别提高0.23kg·m^(-3)和0.26kg·m^(-3),产量分别提高148.35kg·hm^(-2)和273.45kg·hm^(-2);不同生育期连续适度调亏处理(H_2J_2)花生耗水量减少497.42m^3·hm^(-2),水分利用效率提高0.48kg·m^(-3),增产356.8kg·hm^(-2)。虽然单生育期调亏处理(H_1J_3,H_2J_3)和不同生育期连续适度调亏处理(H_2J_2)均显著降低花生耗水量且提高了水分利用效率和产量,但不同生育期连续适度调亏(H_2J_2)水分利用效率最高(1.44kg·m^(-3))。因此综合考虑产量和水分利用效率,花生采用花针期和结荚期连续施加适度调亏的灌溉方式更加适合辽西北地区严峻的节水形势。In order to alleviate the problem of water scarcity in northwest region of Liaoning Province and to solve the negative effect of water deficit on peanut production.Using split-plot design,the effects of three water deficit levels(55%,65%,70%)on growth traits,yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of peanut during flower-pegging stage and pod setting stage.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation had compensation effect on the growth of aerial parts of peanut.Compared with the without losing water treatments(H3J3,water content of soil of water-holding capacity in the field of 70%,H that flower-pegging stage,J said pod setting stage),the water consumption of peanut in deficit treatment for single growth period(H1J3,H2J3)reduced by 297.52 m3·hm-2 and 256.45 m3·hm-2,water use efficiency increased by 0.23 kg·m-3 and 0.26 kg·m-3,yield increased by 148.35 kg·hm-2 and 273.45 kg·hm-2.The water consumption of continuous moderate deficit treatment for different growth periods(H2J2)reduced by 497.42 m3·hm-2,water use efficiency increased by 0.48 kg·m-3 and yield increased by 356.8 kg·hm-2.Although deficit treatment for single growth period(H1J3,H2J3)and continuous moderate deficit treatment for different growth periods(H2J2)significantly reduce the peanut water consumption and improve the water use efficiency and yield,but continuous moderate deficit treatment for different growth periods(H2J2)with the highest water use efficiency(1.44 kg·m-3).Therefore considering yield and water use efficiency,applying peanut using flower-pegging stage and pod setting stage continuous regulated deficit irrigation methods is more suitable for this situation of water saving in northwest region of Liaoning Province.

关 键 词：花生 调亏灌溉 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]