果实膨大期施用黄腐酸水溶肥对苹果叶片生长、果实品质及产量的影响  

Effects of Applying Water-Soluble Fulvic Acid Fertilizer during Fruit-Swelling Period on Apple Leaf Growth,Fruit Quality and Yield

作　　者：何流[1] 刘晓霞[1] 于天武 侯昕 孙萌萌 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] He Liu;Liu Xiaoxia;Yu Tianwu;Hou Xin;Sun Mengmeng;Ge Shunfeng;Jiang Yuanmao(Tranlin Yellow Humic Acid Fertilizer Engineering Laboratory,Shandong Agricultural University/College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Tranlin Jiayou Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Liaocheng 252800,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室/山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东泉林嘉有现代农业股份有限公司,山东聊城252800

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第4期79-83,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27);山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室开放研发基金项目

摘　　要：本试验以7年生苹果品种烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为材料,共设4个施肥处理,即对照(CK):施用0.7kg氮磷钾复合肥(单株用量,下同),H1:施用1.0 kg黄腐酸水溶肥,H2:施用1.5 kg黄腐酸水溶肥,H3:施用2.0 kg黄腐酸水溶肥,研究果实膨大期黄腐酸水溶肥对苹果叶片生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,H1、H2、H3处理提高了叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积和百叶重,提高幅度分别为10.40%~16.08%、2.90%~6.21%、14.63%~23.80%,以H3处理提高幅度最大;与CK相比,H1、H2、H3处理也改善了果实内在和外在品质,单果重增加7.19%~27.26%,硬度增加19.60%~43.13%,纵径增加8.23%~19.77%,横径增加1.96%~6.52%,可溶性固形物增加5.98%~18.48%,固酸比增加22.19%~30.36%,均以H3处理效果最佳;与CK相比,H1、H2、H3处理提高了单株产量,提高幅度为6.15%~25.89%。综合分析可得,果实膨大期黄腐酸水溶肥处理不仅对叶片生长有较明显的影响,而且能有效地改善果实品质,提高产量,单株黄腐酸水溶肥施用量以2.0 kg为最佳。Seven-year-old apple trees of Yanfu3/M26/Malus hupehensis were used as materials in the experiment.Four fertilizer treatments as 0.7 kg N-P-K compound fertilizer(CK),1.0 kg water-soluble yellow humic acid fertilizer(H1),1.5 kg water-soluble yellow humic acid fertilizer(H2)and 2.0 kg water soluble yellow humic acid fertilizer(H3)were set for single plant.Their effects on leaf growth,fruit quality and yield were studied.The results showed that the H1,H2 and H3 increased the chlorophyll content,leaf area and hundred-leaf weight compared with CK.The corresponding increase ranges reached 10.40%~16.08%,2.90%~6.21%and 14.63%~23.80%,and that of H3 was the highest.H1,H2 and H3 improved the internal and external fruit qualities.The single fruit weight,firmness,vertical diameter,transverse diameter,soluble solid and the ratio of soluble solid to acid increased by 7.19%~27.26%,19.60%~43.13%,8.23%~19.77%,1.96%~6.52%,5.98%~18.48%and 22.19%~30.36%respectively.H3 also had the best effects.H1,H2 and H3 increased the yield per plant by 6.15%~25.89%compared to CK.By comprehensive analysis,it was concluded that water-soluble yellow humic acid fertilizer could not only influence leaf growth,but also improve fruit quality and yield of apple,and 2.0 kg water soluble yellow humic acid fertilizer per plant was the best application amount.

关 键 词：黄腐酸 苹果 叶片 果实品质 产量 

分 类 号：S661.1062[农业科学—果树学]