海岸砂引草和滨麦对海岸移栽沙土的生理适应  

Physiological Adaptation of Messerschmidia sibirica and Leymus mollis to Coastal Saline Sand and Transplanting Sand

作　　者：逄金强 周瑞莲[1] 刘园 PANG Jinqiang;ZHOU Ruilian;LIU Yuan(School of Life Science,Ludong University,Yantai 264039,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264039

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期136-143,共8页Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31770762)

摘　　要：本文通过对海岸沙土转移到陆地(移栽沙土)4年后,土壤阴阳离子、含水量和其上生长的滨麦(Leymus mollis(Trin.)及砂引草(Messerschmidia sibirica Linn)叶Na^+/K^+含量、含水量、抗氧化酶活力、渗透调节物含量、叶绿素含量的测定,以揭示砂引草和滨麦对盐土环境变化的生理响应.结果表明,与海岸沙土相比,移栽沙土中Na^+,K^+,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^-,HCO_3^-,SO_4^(2-)在深层土壤中较高,土壤含水量降低.与海岸沙土滨麦和砂引草相比,移栽沙土滨麦叶中Na^+含量、叶含水量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量、POD和CAT活力、MDA含量均较低,而叶绿素a和b,类胡萝卜素含量、株高均增加.而移栽沙土砂引草叶片中Na^+和含水量较低、伴随着较高的POD和CAT活力、MDA含量、叶绿素a和b,类胡萝卜素含量、株高.另外,尽管海岸沙土上植物Na^+和K^+绝对含量高于移栽沙土,但移栽沙土植物较高的K^+/Na^+比与其生长势呈正相关.研究表明,移栽沙土土壤含水量降低及土壤离子在土层中下移可能是滨麦和砂引草叶中Na^+和K^+积累量下降的原因.当叶片积累的Na^+少时,滨麦通过维护较高K^+/Na^+比值和较多的能量用于合成较多的叶绿素提高光合作用而加速生长.当叶片积累的Na^+多时,滨麦通过将较多的能量用于合成渗透调节物和激活抗氧化酶系统适应盐离子胁迫而维护生存.通过调控抗逆生理代谢可能是滨麦具有较大生态幅和对土壤Na^+异质环境适应的生理生态学机理.两盐生植物耐盐机理不同可能与其生物学特性不同有关.To reveal the physiological response mechanism of Messerschmidia sibirica Linn and Leymus mollis Trin to the change of salt environment,we tested the contents of cation and anion,water in the sand soil of biological garden of Ludong University transplanted from the coast of Yantai after 4 years,and contents of Na+and K+,water,osmotic adjustment substance(proline,soluble protein,soluble sugar)content,chlorophyll,and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves and roots of M.sibirica and L.mollis.The results showed that there were higher contents of Na+,K+,Ca 2+,Mg 2+,Cl-,HCO 3-,SO 4 2-and lower water content in the deep layer of transplanted sand soil than that in the coastal sand soil.Compared with M.sibirica and L.mollis grown in the coastal sand soil,L.mollis grown in the transplanted sand soil had lower contents of Na+,water,proline,soluble sugar,MDA,the activities of POD and CAT,and higher contents of chlorophyll a and b,carotene,growth rate;M.sibirica grown in the transplanted sand soil had lower in the contents of Na+and water,chlorophyll a and b,carotene,growth rate.It indicated that decrease of moisture content,and moving down of cationic and anionic in the transplanted sand soil resulted in the decrease of Na+and K+contents in the leaves of M.sibirica and L.mollis.When L.mollis had lower Na+contents of the leaves,it would use more energy to synthesis of chlorophyll to accelerate photosynthesis to grow quickly by maintaining higher ratio of K+to Na+.However,when L.mollis had higher Na+content of the leaves,it would use more energy for synthesis of osmotic regulation and activation of antioxidant enzyme to adapt to salt stress for survival.It suggested that regulation of physiological metabolism was an important ecophysiolocal adaptation mechnism for L.mollis.to have a wider ecological amplitude and survive in the heterogeneous soil environment.

关 键 词：砂引草 滨麦 Na+和K+ 海岸沙土 移栽沙土 抗氧化酶 渗透调节物 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]