寒地稻米生产的环境影响、分析与评价  

Environmental Impact,Analysis and Evaluation of Rice Production in Cold Region

作　　者：袁媛[1] 李司单[1] 李春生 姜树坤[3] 李柱刚[3] Yuan Yuan;Li Sidan;Li Chunsheng;Jiang Shukun;Li Zhugang(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319;The Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center atYouyi Farm;Tillage and Cultivation Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,大庆163319 [2]友谊农场农业技术推广中心 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2018年第2期11-18,共8页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-01-43);国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD01B03-02);黑龙江博士后落户启动项目资助(LBH-Q15133);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助(C2016050);黑龙江八一农垦大学学成;引进人才科研启动计划(No.XYB 2015-10)

摘　　要：以黑龙江垦区为试验点,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对寒地稻米生产非生物资源耗竭(ADP)、全球变暖潜能(GWP)、臭氧层消耗潜能(ODP)、酸化效应(AP)、富营养化(EP)、光化学臭氧潜力(POCP)6类环境影响类型进行了分析研究。结果表明,GWP和EP是寒地稻米生产中环境影响的主要类型,分别占总环境影响值的58.99%和36.79%。在4个子系统中,水稻种植子系统对GWP、AP、EP、POCP贡献值最大,农资生产子系统对ADP和ODP贡献值最大。而田间释放的环境影响最为严重,其次是化肥生产。因此,LCA作为一种有效方法可以掌握稻米生产的主要环境负荷,并确定关键生产环节,提出建议措施。Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was used to evaluate(ADP),Global Warming Potential(GWP),Ozone Depletion Potential(ODP),Acidification Potential(AP),Eutrophication Potential(EP),Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential(POCP)of rice production in reclamation area in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that GWP and EP were the greatest influence factors,which contributed respectively 58.99%and 36.79%to the environment.The largest fraction of GWP,AP,EP and POCP was cultivation subsystem and the highest ADP and ODP were from the agricultural materials production.The field emissions process had the greatest impact on the environmental load,followed by fertilizer production.LCA proved to be an effective tool for understanding the main environmental impact of rice production,determining the key processes,giving some effective solutions for rice production in cold region.

关 键 词：寒地稻米 Gabi6.0 生命周期评价(LCA) 可持续农业 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]