近30年海南省农业面源潜在污染物时空特征分析  

Spatial-temporal variations of potential agricultural non-point source pollutants of Hainan in recent 30 years

作　　者：陈淼[1,2] 刘宇欢 刘贝贝[1,2] 吴琳[1,2] 陈歆[1,2] 彭黎旭[1,2] CHEN Miao;LIU Yuhuan;LIU Beibei;WU Lin;CHEN Xin;PENG Lixu(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou Hainan 571101;Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture,Danzhou Hainan 571737;3College of Foreign Languages,Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 [2]农业部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737 [3]海南大学外国语学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2018年第4期479-483,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金资助项目(No.20164170);中国热带农业科学院院本级基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(No.1630042014004)

摘　　要：采用统计分析和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,分析了海南省农业面源污染的时序变化规律和空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)海南省化肥和农药施用量逐年增加,化肥施用强度由1985年的316.4kg/hm^2增加到2014年的1 019.5kg/hm^2;农药施用强度由1985年的6.1kg/hm^2增加到2014年的31.0kg/hm^2;畜禽粪便产生总量呈先增长后降低并趋于平稳的趋势,畜禽粪便排放强度由1985年的1.6×10^(4 )kg/hm^2下降到2014年的1.3×10^(4 )kg/hm^2。(2)海南省农业面源污染空间分异明显,2014年,化肥施用强度≥900kg/hm^2的严重风险市县达11个,农药施用强度≥28kg/hm^2的市县为3个。海南省畜禽粪便污染严重区域逐年减少,2014年,畜禽粪便排放强度只有定安和陵水为6.0×10~4~<10.0×10^(4 )kg/hm^2的高风险区域,且在2014年琼中、琼海、白沙畜禽粪便排放强度首次为<1.6×10^(4 )kg/hm^2的安全区域。The spatial-temporal variation of agricultural non-point source pollution of Hainan was investigated by statistical analysis and GIS technology.Results showed that:(1)the chemistry fertilizer and pesticide applications in Hainan were increased year by year.The fertilizer application rate of unit farmland was increased from 316.4 kg/hm 2 in 1985 to 1 019.5 kg/hm 2 in 2014 and the pesticide application rate of unit farmland was increased from 6.1 kg/hm 2 in 1985 to 31.0 kg/hm 2 in 2014.The production amount of livestock manure in Hainan increased first,then decreased gradually and tended to be stable.The livestock manure application rate of unit farmland was decreased from 1.6×10 4 kg/hm 2 in 1985 to 1.3×10 4 kg/hm 2 in 2014.(2)Agricultural non-point source pollution was obviously different in spatial distribution in Hainan province.In 2014,seriously risky cities and counties with the fertilizer application rate of unit farmland≥900 kg/hm 2 reached to 11;cities and counties with the fertilizer application rate of unit farmland≥28 kg/hm 2 reached to 3.The areas severely polluted by excrement from livestock and poultry in Hainan Province were decreasing year by year.In 2014,only Ding’an and Lingshui were the high-risk areas with faeces from livestock and poultry of 6.0×10 4-<10.0×10 4 kg/hm 2,and it was the first time that Qiongzhong,Qionghai and Baisha were in a safety area with faeces from livestock and poultry lower than 1.6×10 4 kg/hm 2.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 时序变化 空间分异 海南省 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X71