我国药品流通领域“两票制”的实施效果、风险预测及政策建议  

Implementation Effects,Risk Prediction and Policy Suggestion of “Two-invoice System” in the Field of Pharmaceutical Distribution in China

作　　者：崔兆涵 吕兰婷 CUI Zhaohan;LYU Lanting(School of Public Administration,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国药房》2018年第8期1009-1014,共6页China Pharmacy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(No.15BGL170)

摘　　要：目的:为我国药品流通领域"两票制"政策的有效落实提供政策建议。方法:通过分析我国药品流通领域的现行模式及存在的问题,了解"两票制"的实施背景;同时,梳理并总结了"两票制"的政策要点,预测政策推进的效果以及可能面临的潜在风险,并提出相应政策建议。结果与结论:我国药品流通领域目前存在行业集中度低、流通秩序混乱、利益链的相关方众多、违规行为层出不穷等问题。"两票制"政策通过明确界定生产企业、加强流通企业和公立医疗机构票据管理、保障偏远地区供药、建设信息平台、压缩流通环节、整合流通企业、"以点带面"全面推行等措施,有利于实现发票流、物流和现金流的一致,将有效提高政府部门的监管效率和药品流通行业的集中度,并有望通过与其他政策的联动有效降低虚高药价。各省(区、市)的"两票制"政策框架以国家版政策为基准,均根据实际情况作了针对性调整,进行了相应的实践探索。"两票制"在实施过程中存在着自身适应性、可能造成药品短缺、地方保护主义的阻碍以及催生新的利益链等风险。笔者提出应及时评估"两票制"的执行情况、采取多方面措施保障药品供应、设置适当政策过渡期、加强相关部门间的协同合作等对策,以应对"两票制"政策实施过程中的潜在风险。OBJECTIVE:To provide policy suggestion for the effective implementation of“two-invoice system”policy in the field of pharmaceutical distribution in China.METHODS:By analyzing current mode and problems of pharmaceutical distribution in China,the implementation background of“two-invoice system”was understood.At the same time,main points of“two-invoice system”policy were reviewed and summarized;the effect of the policy promotion and the potential risks could be inferred,and the corresponding policy suggestions were put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:At present,there are many problems in the field of pharmaceutical distribution in China,such as low concentration of industry,confusion of circulation order,numerous relevant parties of interest chain and endless violations.The implementation of“two-invoice system”has realized the consistency of invoice flow,logistics and cash flow,through clearly defining production enterprises,strengthening invoice management of circulation enterprises and public medical institutions,guaranteeing drug supply in remote areas,constructing information platform,compressing circulation link,integrating circulation enterprises,implementing“point to an area”completely.It is conducive to effectively improve regulatory efficiency of government departments and the concentration of pharmaceutical distribution industry,and is expected to reduce the virtual high drug price through linkage with other policies.The“two-invoice system”policy framework of provinces(regions,cities)is adjusted according to practical situation of different districts based on the national policy,corresponding practice and exploration have been carried out.The“two-invoice system”has its own adaptability in the implementation process,which may cause drug shortages,local protectionism and new interest chain.The author puts forward the countermeasures,such as timely assessment of the implementation of the“two-invoice system”,taking various measures to ensure the supply of drugs,setting up appropriat

关 键 词：两票制 药品流通 效果 风险 对策 建议 

分 类 号：R951[医药卫生—药学]