贵州产区猕猴桃不同生长期氮磷钾养分变化规律  

Nutrients Change Rule of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in Different Growth Periods of Kiwifruit in Guizhou Province

作　　者：蔡娜[1] 何腾兵[1,2] 高安勤 林昌虎[4] CAI NA;HE Teng-bing;GAO An-qin;LIN Chang-hu(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;The New Rural Development Research Institute,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Liupanshui Station of Soil and Fertilizer,Liupanshui 553000,China;Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学新农村发展研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]六盘水市土肥站,贵州六盘水553000 [4]贵州医科大学,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2018年第3期33-37,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省发展和改革委员会资助项目(黔发改高技[2017]950号)

摘　　要：为促进猕猴桃丰产段质栽培及合理施肥,采用大田试验和室内分析相结合的方法探讨贵州主要猕猴桃产区猕猴桃在不同时期(开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期、成熟期)梢、叶、果的氮磷钾养分吸收吸收转运规律。结果表明:在开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期、成熟期4个典型时期,猕猴桃的叶、果的氮磷钾含量均呈开花期>幼果期>果实膨大期>成熟期,猕猴桃梢中全钾含量呈逐渐下降趋势,而梢中全氮和全磷含量表现为开花期>幼果期>成熟期>果实膨大期。猕猴桃同一生长期内,梢、叶、果养分元素含量对比表现为:开花期总氮含量是叶>花>梢,总磷为花>叶>梢,总钾为花>梢>叶;幼果期总氮和总磷均表现为叶>果>梢,总钾为果>叶>梢;果实膨大期和成熟期总氮和总磷含量均表现为叶>梢>果,总钾含量为叶>果>梢。故在果实生长前期应配施钾肥;在果实膨大前期要注意修剪掉多余的叶、梢,减少养分的消耗。In order to promote the high quality cultivation and rational fertilization of kiwifruit,the nutrient uptake and transport of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in shoots,leaves and fruits of kiwifruit in different stages(flowering stage,young fruit stage,fruit enlargement stage and mature stage)in Guizhou kiwifruit producing area were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves and fruit were florescence stage>young stage>fruit enlargement stage>mature stage in the four typical periods.Total potassium content in the shoots showed a gradual downward trend,while the content of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the shoots were florescence stage>young stage>mature stage>fruit enlargement stage.In the same growth period of kiwifruit,the contents of nutrient elements in shoots,leaves and fruits were compared as follows:total nitrogen at flowering stage was leaf>flower>shoot,total phosphorus was flower>leaf>shoot,total potassium was flower>shoot>leaf.Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in fruit showed leaf>fruit>shoot,total potassium were fruit>leaf>shoot.Total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in fruit during expansion and maturity were:leaf>shoot>fruit,total potassium content was leaf>fruit>shoot.Therefore,the early growth of fruits should be equipped with potassium,fruit enlargement in the early pays attention to trimming off excess leaves and shoots to reduce nutrient consumption.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 氮磷钾 养分吸收转运 不同生长期 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]